英语四级历年作文范文(推荐47篇)

英语四级历年作文范文 第1篇

Job hunting becomes increasingly tough for college students, for more college graduates bring about much fiercer competition. Consequently, starting a business of one’s own becomes another alternative. But for me, I still prefer finding a job somewhere.

From a personal perspective, a good start for one’s own business requires plenty amount of money together with adequate work experience, but as college students, we often lack the latter. On a community level, we are able to get involved in a more complex relationship in a larger work place which provides us with necessary skills in communication as well as cooperation with others. In a larger sense, with more and more start-ups worldwide, the young entrepreneurs as college graduates are under even greater pressure than finding a job elsewhere competing with other job hunters.

As the old saying goes: “Lay a solid foundation, and the time will come for you to shine!” Therefore, we have to accumulate as enough experience as possible by working for others, and wait for the right time to start our own business.

英语四级历年作文范文 第2篇

My dormitory room is on the second floor. It is small and crowded. The dark green walls and the dirty white ceiling make the room seem dark, and thus even smaller than it is, As youwalk into the room, you are stopped short by my bed which fills half of the room. The two large windows over the bed are hidden by heavy dark gold drapes. Against the wall on your left, pushed into a corner behind the head of the bed, is a large bookcase which is crammed with papers, books, and knick-knacks, Wedged in between the bookcase and the wall opposite the bed is a small grey metal desk. It has a brown wooden chair which seems to fill the left end of the under the desk is a wooden wastepaper basket overflowing with paper and debris. The wall above the bookcase and desk is completely taken up with two small posters. On the right hand of the room is a narrow closet with clothes,shoes, hats, tennis racquets, and boxes bulging out of its sliding doors. Everytime I walk out of the door, I think, _Now I know what it is like to live in a closet._

英语四级历年作文范文 第3篇

Charity is of utmost importance to us humans. While following a spate of scandals, some individuals and institutions involved in this field have encountered criticism in recent months.

There are several reasons for this phenomenon. Above all, compared with those of developed countries, the charity awareness in our country is backward. Some people equal charity with donation, and therefore they believe that charity is the rich’s responsibility and has nothing to do with the middle-class and the poor. The second thing that must be taken into consideration is that a number of individuals and charitable organizations lack a sense of social responsibility, which results in the declining social credibility.

For my part, I believe the following steps can address this situation. Firstly, people’s awareness of how profound influence charity can bring to our society should be heightened. Secondly, rigorous supervision must be carried out by the administrations involved, so that the charity activities will become more transparent.

英语四级历年作文范文 第4篇

Dormitory life is an indispensable part of college life. But sometimes the harmony in the dormitory is disturbed in one way or another.

As is known to all, a harmonious dormitory life is important to college students and benefits all the members. On the one hand, we can have a good rest and put our heart into study. On the other hand, we will have a good mood and enjoy being together.

There are several ways to create and maintain a harmonious dormitory life. Firstly, you have to evaluate your life-style and try to get rid of your dirty habits, if there are any. Secondly, when an annoying situation arises, you’ll just have to learn to tolerate each other and co-exist. Thirdly, you’ll have to share with each other and make good friends.

In conclusion, we should try our best to build harmonious dormitory life for the sake of good study and good life.

英语四级历年作文范文 第5篇

12月大学英语四级真题试卷一阅读答案及解析

Part III Reading Comprehension

Section A

26. [C] essential

27. [M] suspicion

28. [G] miserable

29. [A] constantly

30. [O] watching

31. [J] records

32. [K] removed

33. [F] load

34. [I] properly

35. [H] pressure

解析：

26题根据上下文得知，此处应该是说人与人之间信任的重要性。很明显答案C. essential符合条件，B选项有可信的意思，看到此选项可能下意识地会选这个答案，但翻译成“信任是可信的”，和主旨无关，此处还是讨论信任的重要性。

29题容易选一个名词比如records和”mistakes”并列，但是后面的选项并没有双引号，后面是一个动词reminding，可以推测前面需要填入副词来修饰reminding，根据语义“要求你做这做那”，可以推出是不断要求，而不是properly恰当地，排除完可以得出constantly.

31题，此处判断应填名词，有同学可能会和pressure弄混淆，但此处并不能得出公司要施加压力。公司出于自我保护和信任问题，对于任何交易记录都会留有根据和存根，这些都是记录，所以答案应该是records,

Section B

36. [G] The Chetty data shows that neighborhoods and places mattered for children born in the San Jose area of the 1980s.

37. [D] The reasons kids in San Jose performed so well might seem obvious.

38. [K] The idea that those at the bottom can rise to the top is central to America's ideas about itself.

39. [B] Indeed, data suggests that this is one of the best places to grow up poor in America.

40. [J] But in today's America-a land of rising inequality

41. [I] Leaders in San Jose are determined to make sure that the city regains its status as a place where even poor kids can access the resources to succeed.

42. [E] Indeed, the streets of San Jose seem, in some ways, to embody the best of America.

43. [C] By contrast, just percent of poor kids in Charlotte moved up to the top

44. [H] Some San Jose residents say that as inequality has grown in recent years

45. [F] But researchers aren 't sure exactly why poor kids in San Jose did so well.

解析：

38题干主旨表达的是如果该市的问题不解决将会动摇美国的根本信仰，对应K项中的America's ideas about itself.和foundational belief.可以进行匹配。

41题干第一句该市的官员，可以定位到[I]选项第一句Leaders in San Jose, 且 该句直接表明了目的，就是为了提升贫困孩子触达成功的机会。

42题中的manifest词汇较为生僻，但后面的some of the best features可以理解说的是关于美国最好的几点特质，对应到[E]选项to embody the best of America.

44 题干关键信息是 increases in housing prices，快速浏览后可以定位到[H]项多次提到如Rent，homelessness problem, housing prices等与住房相关的信息

Section C

Passage One

46. [D] They lack the necessary resources to address pupils’ mental problems.

47. [A] They have deteriorated due to budget cuts.

48. [B] At school.

49. [C] Students are more comfortable seeking counselling in school.

50. [D] A change in the conception of what schools are.

解析：

46题A和B选项属于无中生有，C选项说的是学校在实施干预方面举措不利，但是根据原文第二段第二句，how ill-equipped they feel 可以看出主体是老师自己而不是学校，此处是一个偷换概念的陷阱，还是要基于文章的意思判断。

47题的C选项与原文第三段最后一句意义相反;B和D选项也是无中生有，A选项中出现了一个生词，但最后出现的budgets cuts还是可以帮助我们定位到第三段第二句。

49. A和B均属无中生有，D选项则偷换了概念，原文是指学生们更愿意在校内进行心理辅导而不是外面的心理咨询，D选项则替换成了校外活动。

Passage Two

51. [A] To illustrate people’s peculiar shopping behavior.

52. [D] To make customers believe they are getting a bargain.

53. [B] The E conomist’s promotional strategy works.

54. [C] To trap customers into buying the more pricey item.

55. [B] By comparing it with other choices.

解析：

英语四级历年作文范文 第6篇

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Popping food into the microwave for a couple of minutes may seem utterly harmless, and Europe's stock of these quick-cooking ovens emit as much carbon as nearly 7million cars, a new study has found, and the problem is growing. With costs falling and kitchen appliances becoming “status” users, owners are throwing many microwave after an average of eight years. This is pushing sales of new microwave which are expected to reach 135 million annually in the EU by the end of the decade.

A study by the University of Manchester worked out the emissions of carbon dioxide -- the main greenhouse gas responsible for climate change -- at every stage of microwaves, from manufacture to waste disposal. “It is electricity consumption by microwaves that has the biggest impact on the environment,” say the authors, who also calculate that the emissions from using 19 microwaves over a year are the same as those from a car. According to the same study, efforts to reduce consumption should focus on improving consumer awareness and behaviour to use appliances more efficiently. For example, electricity consumption by microwaves can be reduced by adjusting the time of cooking to the type of food.“

However, David Reay, professor of carbon management argues that, although microwaves use a great deal of enery, their emissions are minor compared to those from cars. In the UK alone and these emit way more than all the emissions from microwaves in the EU. Backing this up, recent data show that passenger cars in the UK emitted 69m tonnes of CO2 in . This is 10 times the amount this new microwave oven study estimates for annual emissions for all the microwave ovens in the whole of the EU.” further, the energy used by microwaves is lower than any other form of cooking. Among common kitchen appliances used for cooking, microwaves are the most energy efficient, followed by a stove and finally a standard oven. Thus, rising microwave sales could be seen as a positive thing.

51. What is the finding of the new study?

A) Quick-cooking microwave ovens have become more popular.

B) The frequent use of microwaves may do harm to our health.

C) CO2 emissions constitute a major threat to the environment.

D) The use of microwaves emits more CO2 than people think.

52. Why are the sales of microwaves expected to rise?

A) They are becoming more afrdabla.

B) They have a shorter life cycle than other appliances.

C) They are gtting much easier to operate.

D) They take less tine to cook than other ppliaces.

53. What recommendation does the study by the University of Manchester make?

A) Cooking food of dfferent varieties.

B) Improving microwave users' habits.

C) Eating less to cut energy consumption.

D) Using microwave ovens less frequently.

54. What does Professor David Reay try to argue?

A) There are far more emissions from cars than from microwaves.

B) People should be persuaded into using passenger cars less often.

C) The UK produces less CO2 than many other countries in the EU.

D) More data are needed to show whether microwaves are harmful.

55. What does Professor David Reay think of the use of microwaves?

A) It will become less popular in the coming decades.

B) It makes everyday cooking much more convenient.

C) It plays a positive role in envronmental protection.

D) It consumes more power than conventional cooking.

Passage one

Passage two

英语四级历年作文范文 第7篇

Deep Reading in Modern Life

At the picture depicts, a father told his son that he should read deeply rather than merely pursue the quantity of reading materials. It reflects that people tend to browse and scan e-books without stopping to ponder even one question. The way we read is so superficial that it arouses great concern in modern life.

To be a better reader, we had better do as follows. For one thing, take notes about crucial details as we used to do. Taking notes can avoid the phenomenon that the more we read online or on smart phones, the less we seemed to memorize. For another, classics deserve to be savored by the contemporary people. For example, some classical novels can be read free on Kindle, which makes them popular among youngsters again. Whats more, if we did not make summaries from time to time, nothing that we learnt from e-books would truly be ours.

In conclusion, when we enjoy digital reading, we should consciously conducts deep reading. Try our best to keep those good habits which are acquired in the process of paper reading, such as intensive reading and deep thinking.

英语四级历年作文范文 第8篇

Since the Chinese Government singled out family planning as one of the basic state policies in 1978,the country has adopted various measures and achieved great success in birth total birth rate has been decreasing gradually.

However,at present China's population is still growing very is reported that every year the population of this country increases by an extra 15 million and China is encountering a birth peak during the is abvious that China's economic development and improvement of people's living standards have been and will be greatly affected by the population.

Therefore,to control population growth more strictly is clearly essential to the country's reforms and economic should restress the importance of birth control and call on the whole nation to make more effective actions

英语四级历年作文范文 第9篇

Section A News Report

Directions： In this section， you will hear three news reports。 At the end of each news report， you will hear two or three questions。 Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）， B）， C） and D）。 Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre。

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

1. A) He set a record by swimming to and from an island.

B) He celebrated his ninth birthday on a small island.

C) He visited a prison located on a faraway island.

D) He swam around an island near San Francisco.

2. A) He doubled the reward.

B) He cheered him on all the way.

C) He set him an example.

D) He had the event covered on TV.

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

3. A) To end the one-child policy.

B) To encourage late marriage.

C) To increase working efficiency.

D) To give people more time to travel.

4. A) They will not be welcomed by young people.

B) They will help to popularize early marriage.

C) They will boost China's economic growth.

D) They will not come into immediate effect.

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

5. A) Cleaning service in great demand all over the world.

B) Two ladies giving up well-paid jobs to do cleaning.

C) A new company to clean up the mess after parties.

D) Cleaners gainfully employed at nights and weekends.

6. A) It takes a lot of time to prepare.

B) It leaves the house in a mess.

C) It makes party goers exhausted.

D) It creates noise and misconduct.

7. A) Hire an Australian lawyer.

B) Visit the . and Canada.

C) Settle a legal dispute.

D) Expand their business.

Section B Conversation

Directions： In this section， you will hear two long conversations。 At the end of each conversations you will hear four questions。 Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question。 You must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。 Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8. A) He had a driving lesson.

B) He got his driver's license.

C) He took the driver's theory exam.

D) He passed the driver's road test.

9. A) He was not well prepared.

B) He did not get to the exam in time.

C) He was not used to the test format.

D) He did not follow the test procedure.

10. A) They are tough.

B) They are costly.

C) They are helpful.

D) They are too short.

11. A) Pass his road test the first time.

B) Test-drive a few times on highways.

C) Find an experienced driving instructor.

D) Earn enough money for driving lessons.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A) Where the woman studies.

B) The acceptance rate at Leeds.

C) Leed's tuition for international students.

D) How to apply for studies at a university.

13. A) Apply to an American university.

B) Do research on higher education.

C) Perform in a famous musical.

D) Pursue postgraduate studies.

14. A) His favorable recommendations.

B) His outstanding musical talent.

C) His academic excellence.

D) His unique experience.

15. A) Do a master's degree.

B) Settle down in England.

C) Travel widely.

D) Teach overseas.

Section C Passage

Directions： In this section， you will hear three passages。 At the end of each passage， you will hear three or four questions。 Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A) They help farmers keep diseases in check.

B) Many species remain unknown to scientists.

C) Only a few species cause trouble to humans.

D) They live in incredibly well-organized colonies.

17. A) They are larger than many other species.

B) They can cause damage to people's homes.

C) They can survive a long time without water.

D) They like to form colonies in electrical units.

18. A) Deny them access to any food.

B) Keep doors and windows shut.

C) Destroy their colonies close by.

D) Refrain from eating sugary food.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A) The function of the human immune system.

B) The cause of various auto-immune diseases.

C) The viruses that may infect the human immune system.

D) The change in people's immune system as they get older.

20. A) Report their illnesses.

B) Offer blood samples.

C) Act as research assistants.

D) Help to interview patients.

21. A) Strengthening people's immunity to infection.

B) Better understanding patients' immune system.

C) Helping improve old people's health conditions.

D) Further reducing old patients' medical expenses.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A) His students had trouble getting on with each other.

B) A lot of kids stayed at school to do their homework.

C) His students were struggling to follow his lessons.

D) A group of kids were playing chess after school.

23. A) Visit a chess team in Nashville.

B) Join the school's chess team.

C) Participate in a national chess competition.

D) Receive training for a chess competition.

24. A) Most of them come from low-income families.

B) Many have become national chess champions.

C) A couple of them have got involved in crimes.

D) Many became chess coaches after graduation.

25. A) Actions speak louder than words.

B) Think twice before taking action.

C) Translate their words into action.

D) Take action before it gets too late.

听力答案

1. A

2. A

3. B

4. D

5. C

6. B

7. D

8. C

9. A

10. B

11. A

12. C

13. D

14. B

15. D

16. C

17. B

18. A

19. D

20. B

21. C

22. D

23. C

24. A

25. B

英语四级历年作文范文 第10篇

At present, a wide ofcredit cards issued by major banks and shopping malls are thriving in collegesand universities across the nation, with a multitude of college students makingup a growing population of card holders. Indeed, one out of five students isestimated to be in possession of at least one credit card, and the figure isexpected to be on the steady , thelatest data published by Yangtze Evening Post suggests.

Like anything prior tothe emergence of this small piece of plastic, the increasing popularity ofcredit card on campus has both bright and dark sides. On the one hand, youngadults in college, free from the trouble of pocketing a considerable sum ofcash, could enjoy the convenience of credit cards and purchase expensive goodsby installments. On the other hand, however, the irresponsible and excessiveuse of the cards by these youngsters, the majority of whom are fresh out ofmiddle school incapable of budgeting their money, can make them heavily in debtwhich will take them years to pay off.

On my personal level,while enjoying a host of conveniences the credit card may bring, we couldn'tafford to ignore a fact: in most cases,parents are our sole financial of spending without anyrestrict, we are supposed to put studies on the top of our agenda and moveourselves beyond heavy dependence upon our parents.

英语四级历年作文范文 第11篇

Good transportation is veryimportant to the success of both individuals and a city. Without efficientmeans of transportation，people will waste a great dealof time going to and from work. This will make them tired and less productivein their jobs. People may rely on either private or public transportation toget them to and from work. If a choice has to be made between spending money onimproving the roads for private vehicles or improving public transportation，I would choose the latter for the following reasons.

First of all，better public transportation systems，including buses，trains and subways，will encourage more people touse them rather than drive their own cars. This will reduce the total amount oftraffic on the roads and make travel quicker for everyone. Second，using public transportation saves energy.

英语四级历年作文范文 第12篇

In every school a _top_ crowd sets the pace, while the others follow their lead. Let＇s say the top crowd decides that it is smart to wear bright red soon everybody is wearing a bright

red sweater. There is nothing wrong with that, except the fact that on some people a bright red sweater is extremely unbecoming. The situation can even become dangerous, if the top crowd decides that it is smart to drink or to drive cars at seventy miles an the people who follow the lead are endangering their lives. They are like the sheep being led to the butcher.

Now, chances are that you have come across situations like these more than once in your life; chances are that one time or another you probably did something you knew to be wrong. You may have excused yourself by saying, _Gee, the crowd does it._ Well, let the crowd do it, but don＇t do it

yourself. Learn to say, _No._

Develop your own standards and your own judgment. If you know the crowd is planning something you disagree with,have the courage to bow out politely. You＇ll have the satisfaction of standing on your own two feet.

英语四级历年作文范文 第13篇

【经典范文】

What do Students Need English For?

Today, it seems that nearly everyone is studying English, especially students. But what do they study English for? A survey made by a teacher at a university gives us some hints.

The results of the survey suggest that students need English for different purposes. Most students learn English because they need to read English textbooks or journals or attend English lectures, while only a few students use it to talk to Englishspeaking write letters, etc. There are also some differences between economics students and engineering students. Compared with engineering students, economics students need to read English business textbooks and write reports in English.

Therefore,from the result of the survey,we can see that the purposes students learn English for vary with the academic field students study in. Whatever the purposes are, one thing is certain: Students need English, and English teaching should be strengthened in universities. (151 words)

【译文赏析】

学生为什么需要学习英文?

如今似乎人人都在学英文，尤其是学生。但他们为什么学英文呢? 一位大学老师所做的调查给了我们一些暗示。

该调查的结果表明，学生学习英文是出于不同的目的。大部分学生 学习英文是因为他们需要阅读英文教材或报刊、或听英文授课，而只有 小部分学生用它来与英语国家的来宾交流、参加研讨会、写信等等。财 经类的学生与工科学生十分不同。与工科学生相比，财经类的学生需要 读英文的财经教材，并用英文写报告。

因此，从调查结果可知，学生学习英语的`目的随着他们专业的不同 而不同。但无论出于什么目的，有一点确定无疑：学生们需要英文，大 学英语教学应有所加强。

英语四级历年作文范文 第14篇

The use of translation apps is becoming increasingly popular. Why? Admittedly, in the contemporay society, an increasing number of people, with the help of translation apps, find it convenient to read foreign literature or essays.

On the one hand, these apps can bring users greater efficiency and help them save more time or energy, particularly for those who have no knowledge of a foreign language. For instance, a host of people may have a variety of difficulties or troubles in learning English, but with the assistance of these apps, it will not be difficult for them to read and understand English materials. On the other hand, it is these apps that cuase some learners to lose motivation for studying. With Apps in hand, they are not willing to do their utmost to memorize new words, pratice speaking or writing skills every day. Fianlly, they will fail to get a good command of any foreign language.

I, as a college student, deem that it is of great necessity for youngsters to use translations apps in a rational way. We should bear in mind that any translation app is merely a tool. Provided that one intends to master a foreign language, it is advisabel to practice each day instead of relying on translation apps.

英语四级历年作文范文 第15篇

出勤率

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Attend Your Classes Regularly. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese.

1.现在大学校园里，迟到、早退、旷课是常见的现象

2.保证学生的出勤率对大学教育的重要性

3.作为一个大学生应该怎样做

【范文】

Attend Your Classes Regularly

Nowadays it is a very common phenomenon that some university students are late for or even absent from classes. And still there are some students who slip out of the classroom before the class is over. Class attendance has become a thorny problem to both the students and teachers.

In fact, it is very important for the students to attend their classes regularly. First, it will ensure you to catch up with the teachers in your learning. That is very helpful to you if you want to do a good job in your study. Second, attending classes regularly is a way of showing respect to your teachers, too. Your teachers will feel bad if the students do not attend their classes, which, in turn, will affect their teaching and be no good for the students. Third, attending classes regularly will help to form a good habit of punctuality, which is of great importance for the students to do a good job in the future.

Therefore, we university students should form the good habit of attending our classes regularly from now on. And some day we'll benefit from it.

英语四级历年作文范文 第16篇

As is known to all, dormitory life is a part of colorful college life, and the problem of dormitory harmony annoys many college students.

As a member of a dormitory, we should do our best to promote the harmony of dormitory. There are several ways to create and maintain a harmonious dormitory life. Firstly, we have to evaluate our life style and try to get rid of our dirty habits. Secondly, when an annoying situation arises, we will have to tolerate each other and co-exist, or we can give the other some gentle advice if the situation affects our regular life. Thirdly, we can share our happiness or sorrows with each other and treat our roommates as our friends. We will more or less get into some trouble in college, and roommates are like our relatives to help us.

Therefore, it needs all members’ endeavor in dormitory to build a harmonious dormitory life.

英语四级历年作文范文 第17篇

一、印象最深活动

The Most Beneficial Activity in My Campus

It is well known that university is greatly different from high school mainly due to that university will hold a large number of activities, which benefits college students a lot. From my perspective, the most beneficial one is “Long-distance Running for Love” organized by the Students Union when I am a freshman. The money collected by this activity is contributed to Project Hope.

It is really my honor to participate the long running, because it benefits me greatly not only in body but also in mind. To begin with, the activity reminds me of the great importance of physical health. Before I go to college, I only focus on academic achievements while the physical health misses my attention. But, the long-running tells me in time that a sound mind lies in a sound body. Additionally, during my participation in this activity, I am informed well that there are still many children in rural areas who have to drop out of school because of impoverished families. Thus, for one thing, I fully realize the great importance of helping them fulfill their dreams. For another thing, I cherish the opportunity to study in university more, for when compared with those children in poverty-stricken areas, we should harbor a grateful heart.

By and large, although I have taken part in many campus activities, I deem the long running for love most beneficial to me. And I am looking forward to that more wonderful and meaningful activities will be held in our campus.

范文译文：

众所周知，大学与高中截然不同，主要原因是大学里会举办很多校园活动，而这些大学活动使大学生受益匪浅。我认为最有益的校园活动是大一时，由学生会举办的“爱心长跑”。这次长跑筹集的善款用于捐助希望工程。

我很荣幸参加了这次长跑，因为这次活动使我的身心都获得了很大裨益。首先，这次活动提醒我身体健康的重要性。在我上大学前，我只关心自己的学习成绩，而忽视了健康。但是，这次长跑及时提醒我――健康的身体孕育健康的灵魂。此外，通过参加此次长跑，我深刻了解到还有许多偏远山区的小孩因为家庭贫困被迫辍学。因此，一方面我充分意识到帮助这些小孩实现梦想是何其重要;另一方面，我更珍惜自己能上大学的机会。因为，和那些贫困地区的小孩相比，我们应该怀有一颗感恩的心。

总体而言，虽然我参加过许多校园活动，但是我认为这次爱心长跑最为有益。我也期待有更多精彩而有意义的校园活动举行。

二、印象最深课程

The Most Impressing Course in My College Life

印象最深的一门课

During the two years of college life, I have attended many special courses, among which the most impressed one is psychology. I still remembered the days when I was fed up with my major Math, which frustrated me so much. Till I fortunately select one of the most fascinating optional courses lectured by Professor Wang.

Time gone back to the first class of Mr. Wang, I found a little old man came in the classroom with a thick book of psychology. Mysteriously, I first unveiled and explored the myth within it by the vivid demonstration of Mr. Wang, and became fascinated with this course. In the following days, it enclosed an assorted of psychological phenomenon reflected in ordinary people’s daily lives by illustrating examples in reality.

To be frank, it is the psychology class that enlightens my soul of exploring the unknown world and stimulate my desire to learn. And it is no surprise to say that psychology is the most impressing course for me in college.

最_级写作点评：

今年12月20号的最_级写作的出题类型延续了6月的形式，较以往更加趋向于灵活性，重点考察的是考生的英语基础知识，不再依赖于过去的传统模版或套句。因此这样的考察形式更需要考生在平时英语的学习过程中去积累，注重英语书面表达运用技巧。而在出题的话题上也更偏向于大学生的校园学习和生活话题，文体形式比较自由。因此建议广大四级考生能通过平时的基础练习和专业课程指导，摒弃模版，达到理想的写作分数。

三、印象最深同学

In my memory, there are so many unforgettable men who have rendered me assistance。Among them, the most impressive one is Lucy, my roommate. During the freshman year with her, it has exerted considerable influence on me。

First and foremost, when I entered the university, Lucy set good examples to me in terms of independence. She adapts the new environment quickly. Moreover, she has a cheerful personality, and participates in the Students’ Union soon . With her advice, I soon follow her step and join more activities. Last but not least, what I have learnt most from her is the self-study ability. She spends much time in reading and mastering a new language in the library and often recommend me useful books and information 。

In a word, I really appreciate it for her modeling power. I wish I can be excellent like her and have a great friendship with Lucy.

英语四级历年作文范文 第18篇

Each individual is closely related to and bears obligations to others - that is what we call social responsibility. The sense of social responsibility is very important to us. If everyone has a good sense of social responsibility, we can build a better social and a more prosperous country.

How can sense of social responsibilty be strengthened? To start with, children should be taught about good moral outlook, so that when they grow up, they become law-abiding and responsible citizens. Furthermore, the humanistic education is vital, especially for university students because they are the future pillars of our country. Last but no least, it is necessary to encourage people to care for others, help others through all kinds of propaganda.

If all the citizens have a sound sense of social responsibility, it is hopeful that the world will enjoy a better future. Therefore, let's take our social responsibility and contribute to our society.

英语四级历年作文范文 第19篇

It is reported by the World Luxury Association that by 2012 China will have been expected to be the biggest trade and consumer center of luxury goods. And this provokes a heated discussion.

There are many factors that have stimulated this great change of consumption value. First of all, the rising of living standard enables people to afford the luxury goods. Secondly, owing to the high quality and famous designer, consumers prefer luxuries as long as the goods meet their needs in terms of aesthetics or collection value. Last but not least, it is vanity that derives more and more people to buy luxury goods. Consumers prefer so much to imitate their idols like pop stars that they just blindly pursue the trend and label themselves as rich.

As a college student, I am supposed to buy what I can afford. I’ll take the factors like style , quality and design into consideration, regardless of whatever the brand is.

英语四级历年作文范文 第20篇

Part I Writing(minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then comment on the kid's understanding of going to should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

Part II Listening Comprehension(30 minutes)

Section A

Directions : In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long the end ofeach conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was theconversation and the questions will be spoken only each question there will bea the pause, you must read the four choices marked A., B), D),and decide which is the best mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

will give the woman some tips on the game.

woman has good reason to quit the game.

is willing to play chess with the woman.

woman should go on playing chess.

man can forward the mail to Mary.

can call Mary to take care of the mail.

probably knows Sally's new address.

would like to resume contact with Sally.

handwriting has a unique style.

notes are not easy to read.

did not attend today's class.

is very pleased to be able to help.

man had better choose another restaurant.

new restaurant is a perfect place for dating.

new restaurant caught her fancy immediately.

man has good taste in choosing the restaurant.

has been looking forward to spring.

has been waiting for the winter sale.

will clean the woman's boots for spring.

will help the woman put things away.

woman is rather forgetful.

man appreciates the woman's help.

man often lends books to the woman.

woman often works overtime at weekends.

to work on foot.

a sightseeing trip.

work earlier than usual.

a walk when the weather is nice.

plane is going to land at another airport.

flights have been delayed due to bad weather.

closing has disturbed the airport's operation.

airport's management is in real need of improvement.

Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

specializes in safety from leaks.

is headquartered in London.

has a partnership with LCP.

has a chemical processing plant.

is 's friend.

is a safety inspector.

is a salesman.

is a chemist.

of the safety department.

's personal assistant.

of the personnel department.

public relations officer.

12. for to call back.

a message for .

details of their products and services.

a comprehensive description of their work.

Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

learned playing the violin from a famous French musician.

dreamed of working and living in a European country.

read a lot about European musicians and their music.

listened to recordings of many European orchestras.

began taking violin lessons as a small child.

was a pupil of a famous European violinist.

gave her first performance with her father.

became a professional violinist at fifteen.

gave her a chance to explore the city.

was the chance of a lifetime.

was a great challenge to her.

helped her learn classical French music.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short the end of each passage, you will hearsome the passage and the questions will be spoken only youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A., B), D ).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.

Passage One

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

are mysterious stories behind his works.

are many misunderstandings about him.

works have no match worldwide.

personal history is little known.

moved to Stratford-on-Avon in his childhood.

failed to go beyond grammar school.

was a member of the town council.

once worked in a well-known acting company.

18. of his time had no means to protect their works.

sources of clues about him were lost in a fire.

works were adapted beyond recognition.

of his time had little interest in him.

Passage Two

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. .

crash.

accidents.

20. the local customs.

hotel reservations.

tickets well in advance.

the right documents.

your agent.

a lift if possible.

official transport.

a friend meet you.

Passage Three

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

down production cost.

inexpensive products.

in gold ornaments.

the taste of his goods.

a national press conference.

a live television interview.

a local sales promotion campaign.

a meeting of top British businesspeople.

words of some businesspeople are just rubbish.

who never learns from the past is bound to fail.

should be a limit to one's sense of humour.

is not laughed at, that laughs at himself first.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three the passage is read for the firsttime, you should listen carefully for its general the passage is read for thesecond time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have , when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what youhave written.

Looking at the basic biological systems, the world is not doing very economic indicators show the world is 26 Despite a slow start at the beginning of the eighties, global economic output increased by more than a fifth during the 27 The economy grew, trade increased, and millions of new jobs were can biological indicators show the 28 of economic indicators?

The answer is that the economic indicators have a basic fault: they show no difference between resource uses that 29 progress and those uses that will hurt main measure of economic progress is the gross national product (GNP). 30 , this totals the value of all goods and services produced and subtracts loss in value of factories and a half-century ago, GNP helped 31 a common way among countries of measuring change in economic some time, this seemed to work 32 well, but serious weaknesses are now indicated earlier, GNP includes loss in value of factories and equipment, but it does not 33 the loss of natural resources, including nonrenewable resources such as oil or renewable resources such as forests.

This basic fault can produce a 34 sense of national economic to GNP, for example, countries that overcut forests actually do better than those that preserve their trees cut down are counted as income but no subtraction is made for 35 the forests.

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes) Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten are required to select one word for

each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the the passage through carefully before making your choice in the bank is identified by a mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

The of Education is making efforts to ensure that all students have equal access to a quality it is 36 the launch of the Excellent Educators for All initiative will help states and school districts support great educators for the students who need them most.

“All children are 37 to a high-quality education regardless of their race, zip code or family is 38 important that we provide teachers and principals the support they need to help students reach their full 39 ,” of Education Arne Duncan said.“ Despite the excellent work and deep 40 of our nation's teachers and principals, students in high-poverty, high- minority schools are unfairly treated across our have to do leaders and educators will 41 their own creative solutions, but we must work together to 42 our focus on how to better recruit, support and 43 effective teachers and principals for all students, especially the kids who need them most.”

Today's announcement is another important step forward in improving access to a quality education, a 44 of President Obama's year of today, Secretary Duncan will lead a roundtable discussion with principals and school teachers from across the country about the 45 of working in high-need schools and how to adopt promising practices for supporting great educators in these schools.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to contains information given in one of the the paragraph from which the information is may choose a paragraph more than paragraph is marked with a the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

The Changes Facing Fast Food

firms have to be a thick-skinned experts regularly criticise them severelyfor selling food that makes people even complain that McDonald's, whose logosymbolises calorie excess, should not have been allowed to sponsor the World arethings fast-food firms have learnt to cope not perhaps for much burgerbusiness faces more pressure from regulators at a time when it is already adapting strategies inresponse to shifts in the global economy.

B)Fast food was once thought to be consumers need to cut spending, the logicgoes, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more “trading down”proved true for much of the latest recession, when fast-food companies picked up customers who could no longer afford to eat at casual was boosted in America, the home of fast food, with discounts and promotions, such as $1 menus and cheap combination meals.

C)As a result, fast-food chains have weathered the recession better than their more expensive sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6% , but total sales remained about the same at fast-food some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total spending on fast food sales in America at McDonald's, the world's largest fast-food company, did not decline throughout the Bread, an American fast-food chain known for its fresh ingredients, performed well, too, because it offers higher-quality food at lower prices than restaurants.

D)But not all fast-food companies have been as , such as Burger King, have seen sales a severe recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save Palmer, an analyst at UBS, a bank, says smaller fast- food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularly hard in this downturn because they are competing with the global giant McDonald's, which increased spending on advertising by more than 7% last year as others cut back.

fast-food companies also sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customers better the recession companies set prices low, hoping that once they had tempted customers through the door they would be persuaded to order more expensive in many cases that strategy did not year Burger King franchisees (特许经营人)sued (起诉)the company over its double-cheeseburger promotion, claiming it was unfair for them to be repuired to sell these for $1 when they cost$ to May a judge ruled in favour of Burger , the company may still be cursing its decision to promote cheap choices over more expensive ones because items on its “value menu” now account for around 20% of all sales, upfrom 12% last October.

expect the fast-food industry to grow modestly this the downturn is makingcompanies rethink their are now introducing higher-priced items to entice (引诱)consumers away from $1 , a division of Yum! Brands, which also owns Taco Belland Pizza Hut, has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $ in May Burger Kingintroduced barbecue (烧烤)pork ribs at $7 for eight.

are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items, including 's started selling better coffee as a challenge to “ McCafe” line nowaccounts for an estimated 6% of sales in has sold rights to its Seattle's Bestcoffee brand to Burger King, which will start selling it later this year.

fast-food companies shift from “super size” to “more buys”, they need to keep customer traffichigh throughout the see breakfast as a big opporttmity, and not just for fatty 's will start selling porridge (粥)in America next has the potential to bevery profitable, says Sara Senatore of Bernstein, a research firm, because the margins can be companies are also adding midday and late-night snacks, such as blended drinks idea is that by having agreater range of things on the menu, “we can sell to consumersproducts they want all day,” says Rick Carucci., the .chief financial officer of Yum ! Brands.

what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided providing healthy options, like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at leastgiven the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity (肥胖症).These offeringsare not necessarily loss-leaders, as they broaden the appeal of outlets to groups of diners thatinclude some people who don't want to eat a customers cannot be forced to ordersalads instead of fries.

the future, simply offering a healthy option may not be good enough.“Every packaged-food and restaurant company I know is concerned about regulation right now,” says of 's health-reform bill, which Congress passed this year, requires restaurant chains with 20 ormore outlets to put the calorie-content of items they serve on the study by the NationalBureau of Economic Research, which tracked the effects on Starbucks of a similar calorie-postinglaw in New York City in , found that the average calorie-count per transaction fell 6% andrevenue increased 3% at Starbucks stores where a Dunldn Donuts outlet was nearby--a sign, it issaid, that menu-labelling could favour chains that have more healthy offerings.

order to avoid other legislation in America and elsewhere, fast-food companies will have tocontinue innovating (创新).Walt Riker of McDonald's claims the change it has made in its menumeans it offers more healthy items than it did a few years ago.“We probably sell more vegetables,more milk, more salads, more apples than any restaurant business in the world,” he therecent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald's from including toys in its high-calorie“Happy Meals”, because legislators believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests there isa lot more left to do.

people propose laws be made to stop McDonald's from attaching toys to its food specials for children.

finns may not be able to cope with pressures from food regulation in the near future.

King will start to sell Seattle's Best coffee to increase sales.

fast-food firms provide healthy food to give the impression they are helping to tackle the obesity problem.

the recession, many customers turned to fast food to save money.

people eat out less often to save money in times of recession.

the recession, Burger King's promotional strategy of offering low-priced items often proved ineffective.

restaurants can make a lot of money by selling breakfast.

fast-food companies now expect to increase their revenue by introducing higher-priced items.

newly-passed law asks big fast-food chains to specify the calorie count of what they serve on the menu.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this passage is followed by some questions orunfinished each of them there are four choices marked A., B), ).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

If you think a high-factor sunscreen (防晒霜)keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be in this week's Nature shows that while factor 50 reduces the number of melanomas(黑瘤)and delays their occurrence, it can't prevent are the most aggressive skin have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blue or green eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had are more common if you have periodic intense exposure to the skin cancers are increasingly likely with long-term exposure.

There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin Australian study of 1,621 people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as second study, comparing 1,167 people with melanomas to 1,101 who didn't have the cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside other protection such as hats,long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some study said other forms of sun protection not sunscreen seemed most study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so it's not entirely it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of security in the sun.

Many people also don't use sunscreen properly applying insufficient amounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too is sunburn that is most worrying recent research shows five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the risk of all skin cancers.

The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates, as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us, too, to slip on a shirt, slop on (抹上)sunscreen and slap on a hat.

is people's common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen?

will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.

will protect them from sunburn.

will keep their skin smooth and fair.

will work for people of any skin color.

does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen?

is ineffective in preventing melanomas.

is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.

is ineffective with long-term exposure.

is ineffective for people with fair skin.

do we learn from the 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people?

should be applied alongside other protection measures.

people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.

application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.

application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.

does the author say about the second Australian study?

misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.

helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.

is not based on direct observation of the subjects.

confirms the results of the first Australian study.

does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates?

both covering up and sunscreen.

in the shade whenever possible.

covering up instead of sunscreen.

the right amount of sunscreen.

Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the of American men aged 62 -74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with32% of men with only a high-school gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.

The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity (长寿)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.

But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.

Policy is partly European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire life expectancy (预期寿命), combined with the replacement of generous defmed-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable the changing nature of work also plays a big has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.

is happening in the workforce in rich countries?

people are replacing the elderly.

people tend to work longer.

rates are rising year after year.

with no college degree do not easily find work.

has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?

life expectancies.

rapid technological advance.

changes in the workforce.

growing number of the well-educated.

do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century?

growth will slow down.

budgets will increase.

people will try to pursue higher education.

will be more competition in the job market.

is the result of policy changes in European countries?

workers may choose to retire early.

people have to receive in-service training.

wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.

may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.

is characteristic of work in the 21st century?

will do more complicated work.

will be taken by the educated young.

jobs to be done will be the creative ones.

are highly valued regardless of age.

Part Ⅳ Translation ( 30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。构成现代世界基础的许多元素都起源于中国。中国现在拥有世界上发展最快的经济，并正经历着一次新的工业革命。中国还启动了雄心勃勃的太空探索计划，其中包括到20建成一个太空站。目前，中国是世界最大的出口国之一，并正在吸引大量外国投资。同时，它也在海外投资数十亿美元。，中国超越日本成为世界第二大经济体。

1.大学英语四级听力真题练习

月英语四级翻译真题练习：地铁报

3.英语四级写作预热练习

4.英语四级作文日常练习方法

5.英语四级练习题及答案

英语四级听力练习试题

7.英语四级练习试题

8.大学英语四级考试历年真题词汇详解

9.英语四级历年真题中最高频词汇排序及考试词频

月大学英语四级听力真题模拟练习

英语四级历年作文范文 第21篇

During the two years of college life, I have attended many special courses, among which the most impressed one is psychology. I still remembered the days when I was fed up with my major Math, which frustrated me so much. Till I fortunately select one of the most fascinating optional courses lectured by Professor Wang.

Time gone back to the first class of Mr. Wang, I found a little old man came in the classroom with a thick book of psychology. Mysteriously, I first unveiled and explored the myth within it by the vivid demonstration of Mr. Wang, and became fascinated with this course. In the following days, it enclosed an assorted of psychological phenomenon reflected in ordinary people’s daily lives by illustrating examples in reality.

To be frank, it is the psychology class that enlightens my soul of exploring the unknown world and stimulate my desire to learn. And it is no surprise to say that psychology is the most impressing course for me in college.

英语四级历年作文范文 第22篇

Frustration is unavoidable in life. Faced with frustration, some people are defeated while others conquer it and succeed. In the long history of human beings, many people have set a good example for us.

Strong-minded person cannot be defeated by frustration. It is frustration that will breed success. Zhang Haidi is a case in point. Disabled as she is, she obtained the master degree in Philosophy and acquired four foreign languages. As far as we know, Edison had made experiments for eight thousand times on more than seven thousand kinds of materials before the electric light was invented. As the old saying goes, our greatest glory consists not in falling, but in rising every time we fall.

All in all, when the unexpected frustration comes, we must set up the courage to conquer it. Furthermore, we should learn from our failures so that we steer ourselves through failures next time and embark on the road to success.

英语四级历年作文范文 第23篇

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

According to the majority of Americans, women are every bit as capable of being good political leaders as men. The same can be said of their ability to dominate the corporate boardroom. And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they're stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders.

So why, then, are women in short supply at the top of government and business in the United States? According to the public, at least, it's not that they lack toughness, management talent or proper skill sets.

It’s also not all about work-life balance. Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive jobs, relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrier for women seeking leadership roles. Only about one-in-five say women's family responsibilities are a major reason why there aren't more females in top leadership positions in business and politics.

Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a double standard for women seeking to climb to the highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves. Similar shares say the electorate （选民）and corporate America are just not ready to put more women in top leadership positions.

As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance in corporate America will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major advances in the workplace. While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in business in the future, 44% say it's only a matter of time before as many women are in top executive positions as men. Americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics: 73% expect to see a female president in their lifetime.

do most Americans think of women leaders according to a new Pew Research Center survey?

A) They have to do more to distinguish themselves.

B) They have to strive harder to win their positions.

C) They are stronger than men in terms of willpower.

D) They are just as intelligent and innovative as men.

do we learn from previous survey findings about women seeking leadership roles?

A) They have unconquerable difficulties on their way to success.

B) They are lacking in confidence when competing with men.

C) Their failures may have something to do with family duties.

D) Relatively few are hindered in their career advancement.

is the primary factor keeping women from taking top leadership positions according to the recent survey?

A) Personality traits.

B) Gender bias.

C) Family responsibilities.

D) Lack of vacancies.

does the passage say about corporate America in the near future?

A) More and more women will sit in the boardroom.

B) Gender imbalance in leadership is likely to change.

C) The public is undecided about whether women will make good leaders.

D) People have opposing opinions as to whether it will have more women leaders.

do most Americans expect to see soon on America's political stage?

A) A woman in the highest position of government.

B) More and more women actively engaged in politics.

C) A majority of women voting for a female president.

D) As many women in top government positions as men.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

People have grown taller over the last century, with South Korean women shooting up by more than 20cm on average, and Iranian men gaining . A global study looked at the average height of 18-year-olds in 200 countries between 1914 and .

The results reveal that while Swedes were the tallest people in the world in 1914, Dutch men have risen from 12th place to claim top spot with an average height of . Latvian women, meanwhile, rose from 28th place in 1914 to become the tallest in the world a century later, with an average height of .

James Bentham, a co-author of the research from Imperial College, London, says the global trend is likely to be due primarily to improvements in nutrition and healthcare. “An individual's genetics has a big influence on their height, but once you average over whole populations, genetics plays e less key role,” he added.

A little extra height brings a number of advantages, says Elio Riboli of Imperial College. “Being taller is associated with longer life expectancy,” he said. “This is largely due to a lower risk of dying of cardiovascular (心血管的）disease among taller people.”

But while height has increased around the world, the trend in many countries of north and sub-Saharan Africa causes concern, says Riboli. While height increased in Uganda and Niger during the early 20th century, the trend has reversed in recent years, with height decreasing among 18-year-olds.

“One reason for these decreases in height is the economic situation in the 1980s,” said Alexander Moradi of the University of Sussex. The nutritional and health crises that followed the policy of structural adjustment, he says, led to many children and teenagers failing to reach their full potential in terms of height.

Bentham believes the global trend of increasing height has important implications. “How tall we are now is strongly influenced by the environment we grew up in,” he said. “If we give children the best possible start in life now, they will be healthier and more productive for decades to come.”

does the global study tell us about people's height in the last hundred years?

A) There is a remarkable difference across continents.

B) There has been a marked increase in most countries.

C) The increase in people's height has been quickening.

D) The increase in women's height is bigger than in men's.

does James Bentham say about genetics in the increase of people's height?

A) It counts less than generally thought.

B) It outweighs nutrition and healthcare.

C) It impacts more on an individual than on a population.

D) It plays a more significant role in females than in males.

does Elio Riboli say about taller people?

A) They tend to live longer.

B) They enjoy an easier life.

C) They generally risk fewer fatal diseases.

D) They have greater expectations in life.

do we learn about 18-year-olds in Uganda and Niger?

A) They grow up slower than their peers in other countries.

B) They are actually shorter than their earlier generations.

C) They find it hard to bring their potential into full play.

D) They have experienced many changes of government.

does James Bentham suggest we do?

A) Watch closely the global trend in children's development.

B) Make sure that our children grow up to their full height.

C) Try every means possible to improve our environment.

D) Ensure our children grow up in an ideal environment.

Passage one

Passage two

英语四级历年作文范文 第24篇

Computers in students‘ flats are a catch word on campus. An increasing number of students can afford or hire computers. They appreciate a chance to learn about computers from the comfort of their own flats, without the embarrassment or shyness of going into a computer hall and feeling not educated.

The world is changing with a speed like never before, and students feel that computers are playing an important role in that change. They agree that they must have computer skills to survive in today‘s world. They get on board, cease to be computer illiterate on the information highway. No student should enter the future without being computer literate.

While students take giant steps to catch up on the information superhighway, they should be alerted to problems of buying or renting computers. Playing games or surfing aimlessly on the Internet will do much harm. Otherwise, any attempt to learn computer will end up as nothing but an empty dream.

英语四级历年作文范文 第25篇

In recent years, there are people in expanding numbers who have participated in the test for civil servants. Millions of students choose civil servant as their most ideal occupation after graduation. And among them, the high-educated, like masters and doctors, take quite a large percentage. The craze in civil servant test has attracted widespread attention.

The following fundamental causes can account for this kind of craze. First and foremost, nowadays college students face great employment pressure. Civil servant, as one of the most stable professions in today’s China, becomes their preferable choice. Moreover, recently, the welfare and salary of civil servants have been improved greatly, which undoubtedly attracts many people. Last but not least, the high social position of civil servants is a crucial factor drawing many people to take part in the civil servant test.

In my opinion, this craze in civil servant test will continue in the following years. However, from the long run, it does not do good to the development of our nation. If most high quality talents gather in the government departments, it might lead to a waste of resources. Accordingly, both the individuals and the government should have a more objective recognition of the civil servant test craze.

英语四级历年作文范文 第26篇

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will bear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each questions there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B),C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 1 with a single line through the center.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

. The woman is the manager's secretary.

B. The man found himself in a wrong place.

C. The man is the manager's business associate.

D. The woman was putting up a sign on the wall.

. He needs more time for the report.

B. He needs help to interpret the data.

C. He is sorry not to have helped the woman.

D. He does not have sufficient data to go on.

. A friend from New York.

B. A message from Tony.

C. A postal delivery.

D. A change in the weather.

4. A. She is not available until the end of next week.

B. She is not a reliable source of information.

C. She does not like taking exams.

D. She does not like psychology.

5. A. He will help the woman carry the suitcase.

B. The woman's watch is twenty minutes fast.

C. The woman shouldn't make such a big fuss.

D. There is no need for the woman to be in a hurry.

. Mary is not so easygoing as her.

B. Mary and she have a lot in common.

C. She finds it hard to get along with Mary.

D. She does not believe what her neighbors said.

. At an information service.

B. At a car wash point.

C. At a repair shop.

D. At a dry cleaner's.

8. A. The woman came to the concert at the man's request.

B. The man is already fed up with playing the piano.

C. The piece of music the man played is very popular.

D. The man's unique talents are the envy of many people.

Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

9. A. He has taught Spanish for a couple of years at a local school.

B. He worked at the Brownstone Company for several years.

C. He owned a small retail business in Michigan years ago.

D. He has been working part-time in a school near Detroit.

10. A. He prefers a full-time job with more responsibility.

B. He is eager to find a job with an increased salary.

C. He likes to work in a company close to home.

D. He would rather get a less demanding job.

. Sports.

B. Travel.

C. Foreign languages.

D. Computer games.

12. A. When he is supposed to start work.

B. What responsibilities he would have.

C. When he will be informed about his application.

D. What career opportunities her company can offer.

Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

. She is pregnant.

B. She is over 50.

C. She has just finished her project.

D. She is a good saleswoman.

. He takes good care of Lisa.

B. He is the CEO of a giant company.

C. He is good at business management.

D. He works as a sales manager.

15. A. It is in urgent need of further development.

B. It produces goods popular among local people.

C. It has been losing market share in recent years.

D. It is well positioned to compete with the giants.

英语四级历年作文范文 第27篇

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marketed A), B),C) and D). Then marked the correspond letter on Answer sheet I with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Passage One

Questions 16 to 19 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

. It is lined with tall trees.

B. It was widened recently.

C. It has high buildings on both sides.

D. It used to be dirty and disorderly.

. They repaved it with rocks.

B. They built public restrooms on it.

C. They beautified it with plants.

D. They set up cooking facilities near it.

. What makes life enjoyable.

B. How to work with tools.

C. What a community means.

D. How to improve health.

19. A. They were obliged to fulfill the signed contract.

B. They were encouraged by the city officials' praise.

C. They wanted to prove they were as capable as boys.

D. They derived happiness from the constructive work.

Passage Two

Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.

20. A. The majority of them think it less important than computers:

B. Many of them consider it boring and old-fashioned.

C. The majority of them find it interesting.

D. Few of them read more than ten books a year.

. Novels and stories.

B. Mysteries and detective stories.

C. History and science books.

D. Books on culture and tradition.

. Watching TV.

B. Listening to music.

C. Reading magazines.

D. Playing computer games.

Passage Three

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

23. A. Advice on the purchase of cars.

B. Information about the new green-fuel vehicles.

C. Trends for the development of the motor car.

D. Solutions to global fuel shortage.

. Limited driving range.

B. Huge recharging expenses.

C. The short life of batteries.

D. The Stafford high price.

25. A. They need to be further improved.

B. They can easily switch to natural gas.

C. They are more cost-effective than vehicles powered by solar energy.

D. They can match conventional motor cars in performance and safety.

英语四级历年作文范文 第28篇

In modern society, traditional patriarchy is still influencing Chinese parents. They tend to make almost all decisions for their children, from choosing schools to picking up a even many detailed things such as clothing and diets have to be decided by parents.

However, deciding everything for children does not help them but harm them in many ways. On the one hand, it will make children lack independence and initiative, which is unfavorable to their development in the long run. On the other hand, in many cases, parents' decisions are not always in accordance with their children's personal ideas and interest. It will make children form resistance and naturally influence their growth.

From my point of view, it is unwise for parents to male every decision for their children. It's obvious that parents cannot accompany their children all the time. Growing to be independent is the natural way for everybody. Therefore, parents should give their children rights to make their own decisions. They can help their children but not replace them to make choices.

英语四级历年作文范文 第29篇

At the picture depicts, a father told his son that he should read deeply rather than merely pursue the quantity of reading materials. It reflects that people tend to browse and scan e-books without stopping to ponder even one question. The way we read is so superficial that it arouses great concern in modern life.

To be a better reader, we had better do as follows. For one thing, take notes about crucial details as we used to do. Taking notes can avoid the phenomenon that the more we read online or on smart phones, the less we seemed to memorize. For another, classics deserve to be savored by the contemporary people. For example, some classical novels can be read free on Kindle, which makes them popular among youngsters again. What's more, if we did not make summaries from time to time, nothing that we learnt from e-books would truly be ours.

In conclusion, when we enjoy digital reading, we should consciously conducts deep reading. Try our best to keep those good habits which are acquired in the process of paper reading, such as intensive reading and deep thinking.

英语四级历年作文范文 第30篇

Health and Wealth, Which Do You Prefer?

_Health is wealth!_. This is an old saying which the majority applaud. As a rule, the wealthier you are, the weaker is your health, but this cannot be applied to all.

To begin with, a person that has health can afford to challenge all hardships. For example, manual workers are usually stout and energetic. With their energy, they earn their living. Although such an occupation brings little reward as compared with the energy they have exerted, they enjoy life

whatever things may be.

Moreover, business is based on health. Students in good health can absorb knowledge more readily. In good health,scientists can tackle complex technical problems and achieve more success.

Frequently we find millionaires cling close to their doctors for they seldom have enough exercises to bring forth better health. Their lack of exercises slackens the readiness of growth of the antibodies to resist the attack of diseases.

So, my argue is that health is more important than wealth for if we do not have health, what can we benefit from wealth?

英语四级历年作文范文 第31篇

when students move into the accommodations offered by college, they are taught to live in harmony. harmony in their rooms is crucial to their lives in college days. it can further affect their emotions and even studies.

despite that, many acts conducted by students reflect the disharmony in university residences. for example, most of the boys' rooms are in a mess. the importance of good cleaning habits should be stressed. and sour relations between students living together fundamentally endanger the harmony in college dormitories. some trivial matters can trigger conflicts. we should view everyone as our friend and respect each other.

from my perspective, we should drive our efforts to boost the harmony in college residences. this goal is far-reaching. boarders should take a package of measures to fulfill it. a harmonious dormitory environment can play a positive role in college students’ studies and lives.

英语四级历年作文范文 第32篇

The most interesting place

Dear Pacival,

I am thrilled to know that you are going to visit my hometown and I can’t wait see you again. I miss everything that happened when I was in your city, and your parents and you were so kind to me that I will try my best this time to make your stay an enjoyable and memerable one.

My home town，Changsha, is the capital of Hunan province and best known as the star city for its well developed entertainment industry and tourism. There are numerous places and attractions worth recommending, and Yuelu Mountain is the first one that I’d like to introduce to you. Firstly, in the foot of Yuelu Mountain is the prominent Yuelu Academy. It has an exceedingly long history and its architecture is characteristic of Song Dynasty. Then, after a half hour, we will reach the Bird Forest. There are various rare birds there, and they can sing, perform, and interact with us. After about an hour, we will arrive at the peak, Baiyun Summit. The scenery there is spectacular and we can have a wonderful panorama of the whole city.

I bet you must be very excited about all these activities, and the Yuelu Mountain is waiting for us to explore. All you need to do is pack up and go, and I assure you that this trip will be a great fun.

Should you have any question and suggestion, please let me know.

I am looking forward to your arrival.

Yours sincerely,

Romeo

英语四级历年作文范文 第33篇

There are many advantages to having a pet. For example, taking care of a pet can teach people responsibility, which is new to many university students. In addition, pets can keep people company and are well-known for making people happy.

While there are many reasons for having a pet, keeping one illegally in the dorms can be problematic. First of all, some students may be allergic to pets. Secondly, some dorm mates may not care for the way the pet smells. Thirdly, many pets are loud and may disturb the other residents in your dorm or hall.

For many universities, students keeping pets in the dormitories is against the rules. Despite this, some students choose to have a pet at university. However, I don't believe that it's a good idea to keep a pet in the dormitories.

英语四级历年作文范文 第34篇

Part IWriting(三十 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay about a course thathas impressed you most in should state the reasons and write at least 120words but no more than 180 words.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Part IIListening Comprehension (30 minutes)  Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A．,B．, C． and D．, and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1. A． She used to be in poor health.

B． She was popular among boys.

C． She was somewhat overweight.

D． She didn't do well at high school.

2. A． At the airport.

B． In a restaurant.

C． In a booking office.

D． At the hotel reception.

3. A． Teaching her son by herself.

B． In a restaurant.

C． Asking the teacher for extra help.

D． Telling her son not to worry.

4. A． Have a short break.

B． Take two weeks off.

C． Continue her work outdoors.

D． Go on vacation with the man.

5. A． He is taking care of his twin brother.

B． Take two weeks off.

C． He is worried about Rod's health.

D． He has been in perfect condition.

6. A． She sold all her furniture before she moved house.

B． She still keeps some old furniture in her new house.

C． She plans to put all her old furniture in the basement.

D． She bought a new set of furniture from Italy last month.

7. A． The woman wondered why the man didn't return the book.

B． The woman doesn't seem to know what the book is about.

C． The woman doesn't find the book useful any more.

D． The woman forgot lending the book to the man.

8. A． Most of the man's friends are athletes.

B． Few people share the woman's opinion.

C． The man doesn't look like a sportsman.

D． The woman doubts the man's athletic ability.

Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

9. A． She has packed it in one of her bags.

B． She is going to get it at the airport.

C． She has probably left it in a taxi.

D． She is afraid that she has lost it.

10. A． It ends in winter.

B． It will cost her a lot.

C． It will last one week.

D． It depends on the weather.

11. A． The plane is taking off soon.

B． The taxi is waiting for them.

C． There might be a traffic jam.

D． There is a lot of stuff to pack.

12. A． At home.

B． At the airport.

C． In the man's car.

D． By the side of a taxi.

Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

13. A． She is thirsty for promotion.

B． She wants a much higher salary.

C． She is tired of her present work.

D． She wants to save travel expenses.

14. A． Translator.

C． Language instructor.

B． Travel agent.

D． Environmental engineer.

15. A． Lively personality and inquiring mind.

B． Communication skills and team spirit.

C． Devotion and work efficiency.

D． Education and experience.

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A．,B．, C． and D．.

Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Passage One

Questions 16 to 19 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A． They care a lot about children.

B． They need looking after in their old age.

C． They want to enrich their life experience.

D． They want children to keep them company.

17. A． They are usually adopted from distant places.

B． Their birth information is usually kept secret~

C． Their birth parents often try to conceal their birth information.

D． Their adoptive parents don't want them to know their birth parents.

18. A． They generally hold bad feelings towards their birth parents.

B． They do not want to hurt the feelings of their adoptive parents.

C． They have mixed feelings about finding their natural parents.

D． They are fully aware of the expenses involved in the search.

19. A． Early adoption makes for closer parent-child relationship.

B． Most .people prefer to adopt children from overseas.

C． Understanding is the key to successful adoption.

D． Adoption has much to do with love.

Passage Two

Questions 20 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.

20. A． He suffered from mental illness.

B． He bought The Washington Post.

C． He turned a failing newspaper into a success.

D． He was once a reporter for a major newspaper.

21. A． She was the first woman to lead a big . publishing company.

B． She got her first job as a teacher at the University of Chicago.

C． She committed suixide because of her mental disorder.

D． She took over her father's position when he died.

22. A． People came to see the role of women in the business world.

B． Katharine played a major part in reshaping Americans' mind.

C． American media would be quite different without Katharine.

D． Katharine had exerted an important influence on the world.

Passage Three

Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

23. A． It'll enable them to enjoy the best medical care.

B． It'll allow them to receive free medical treatment.

C． It'll protect them from possible financial crises.

D． It'll prevent the doctors from overcharging them.

24. A． They can't immediately get back the money paid for their medical cost.

B． They have to go through very complicated application procedures.

C． They can only visit doctors who speak their native languages.

D． They may not be able to receive timely medical treatment.

25. A． They don't have to pay for the medical services.

B． They needn't pay the entire medical bill at once.

C． They must send the receipts to the insurance company promptly.

D． They have to pay a much higher price to get an insurance policy.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Final- ly, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

More and more of the world's population are living in towns or cities. The speed at which cities are growing in the less developed countries is (26)__________. Between 1920 and 1960 big cities in developed countries increased two and a half times in size, but in other parts of the world the growth was eight times their size.

The (27) __________size of growth is bad enough, but there are now also very disturb-ing signs of trouble in the (28)__________ of percentages of people living in towns and per-centages of people working in industry. During the nineteenth century cities grew(29)__________ the growth of industry. In Europe the proportion of people living in citiesWForceworkingin

(30) __________ is almost always tree in the newly industrialised world: the percentage of people living in cities is much higher than the percentage working in industry.

Without a base of people working in industry, these cities cannot(31) __________their growth;thereis not enough money ,(32)__________ the new arrivals. There has been little opportunity to build water supplies orother (33) __________ So,(34)__________ proportional growth of unemployment and underemployment, a growth in the number of hopeless and (35)__________ parents and starving children.

Part ⅡIReading Comprehension (40 minutes)  Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.

As an Alaskan fisherman, Timothy June,54, used to think that he was safe from industrial pollutants(污染物) at his home in Haines--a town with a population of 2,400 people and 4,000 eagles,with 8 million acres of protected wild land nearby. But in early , June agreed to take part in a 36 of 35 Americans from seven states. It was a biomonitoring project, in which people's blood and ur/ne (尿) were tested for 37 of chemicals--in this case, three potentially dangerous classes of compounds found in common household 38 like face cream, tin cans, and shower curtains. The

results--39 in November in a report called“Is It in Us?” by an environmental group--were rather worrying. Every one of the participants,40 from an minois state senator to a Massachusetts minister, tested positive for all three classes of pollutants. And while the 41 presence of these chemicals does not 42 indicate a health risk, the fact that typical Americans carry these chemicals at all 43 June and his fellow participants.

Clearly, there are chemicals in our bodies that don't 44 there. A large, ongoing study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has found 148 chemicals in Americans of all ages.

And in , the Environmental Working Group found an 45 of 200 chemicals in the blood of 10 new-borns.“Our babies are being born pre-polluted,” says Sharyle Patton of Commonweal, which cosponsored “Is It in Us?This is going to be the next big environmental issue after climate change.”

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A． analyses

B． average

C． belong

D． demonstrated

E．excess

F． extending

G． habitually

H． necessarily

I． products

J． ranging

K． released

L． shocked

M． simple

N． survey

O． traces

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

In Hard Economy for All Ages, Older Isn't Better... It's Brutal

[A] Young graduates are in debt, out of work and on their parents' couches. People in their 30s and 40s can't afford to buy homes or have children. Retirees are earning near-zero interest on their savings.

[B] In the current listless (缺乏活力的) economy, every generation has a claim to having been most injured. But the Labor Department's latest jobs reports and other recent data present a strong case for crowning baby boomers (二战后生育高峰期出生的人) as the greatest victims of the recession and its dreadful consequences.

[C] These Americans in their 50s and early 60s--those near retirement age who do not yet have access to Medicare and Social Security--have lost the most earnings power of any age group, with their household incomes 10 percent below what they made when the recovery began three years ago, according to Sentier Research, a data analysis company. Their retirement savings and home values fell sharply at the worst possible time: just before they needed to cash out. They are supporting both aged parents and unemployed young-adult children,earning them the unlucky nickname “Generation Squeeze.”

[D] New research suggests that they may die sooner, because their health, income security and mental well-being were battered (重创) by recession at a crucial time in their lives. A recent study by economists at Wellesley College found that people who lost their jobs in the few years before becoming qualified for Social Security lost up to three years from their life expectanv'y (预期寿命), largely because they no longer had access to affordable health care.

[E] Unemployment rates for Americans nearing retirement are far lower than those for young people, who are recently out of school, with fewer skills and a shorter work history. But once out of a job, older workers have a much harder time finding another one. Over the last year, the average duration of unemployment for older people was 53 weeks, compared with 19 weeks for teenagers, according to the Labor Department's jobs report released on Friday.

[F] The lengthy process is partly because older workers are more likely to have been laid off from industries that are downsizing, like manufacturing. Compared with the rest of the population, older people are also more likely to own their own homes and be less mobile than renters, who can move to new job markets.

[G] Older workers are more likely to have a disability of some sort, perhaps limiting the range of jobs that offer realistic choices. They may also be less inclined, at least initially, to take jobs that pay far less than their old positions.

[H] Displaced boomers also believe they are victims of age discrimination, because employers can easily find a young, energetic worker who will accept lower pay and who can potentially stick around for decades rather than a few years.

[I]In a survey of older workers who were laid off during the recession, just one in six had found another job, and half of that group had accepted pay of the re-employed said the pay in their new job was less than half what they earned in their previous job. “I just say to myself: 'Why me? What have I done to deserve this?'” said John Agati,56, whose last full-time job, as a product developer, ended four years ago when his employer went out of business. That position paid $90,000, and his resume lists jobs at companies like American Express, Disney and USA Networks. Since being laid off, though, he has worked a series of part-time, low-wage, temporary positions, including selling shoes at Lord & Taylor and making sales calls for a car company.

[J] The last few years have taken a toil not only on his family's finances, but also on his feelings of self-worth. “You just get sad,” Mr. Agati said. “I see people getting up in the morning, going out to their careers and going home. I just wish I was doing that. Some people don't like their jobs, or they have problems with their jobs, but at least they're working. I just wish I was in their shoes.”

He said he cannot afford to go back to school, as many younger people without jobs have done. Even if he could afford it, economists say it is unclear whether older workers like him benefit much from more education.

[K] “It just doesn't make sense to offer retraining for people 55 and older,” said Daniel Hamermesh, an economics professor.“Discrimination by age, long-term unemployment, and the fact that they're now at the end of the hiring queue just don't make it sensible to invest in them.”

[L]Many displaced older workers are taking this message to heart and leaving the labor force entirely. The share of older people applying for Social Security early rose quickly during the recession as people sought whatever income they could find. The penalty they will pay is permanent, as retirees who take benefits at age 62 will receive as much as 30% less in each month's check for the rest of their lives than they would if they had waited until full retirement age (66 for those born after 1942).

[M] Those not yet qualified for Social Security are increasingly applying for another, comparable kind of income support that often goes to people who expect never to work again: disability benefits. More than one in eight people in their late 50s is now on some form of federal disability insurance program, according to Professor Mark Duggan at the University of Pennsylvania's Wharton School.

[N] The very oldest Americans, of course, were battered by some of the same ill winds that tormented(折磨) those now nearing retirement, but at least the most senior were cushioned by a more readily available social safety net. More important, in a statistical twist, they may have actually benefited from the financial crisis in the most fundamental way: longer lives.

[O] Death rates for people over 65 have historically fallen during recessions, according to a November study by economists at the University of California, Davis. Why? The researchers argue that weak job markets push more workers into accepting relatively undesirable work at nursing homes, leading to better care for residents.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

46. Greater mobility puts younger people at an advantage in seeking new jobs.

47. Many of the older workers laid off during the recession had to accept lower pay in their new jobs.

48. Those who lose their jobs shortly before retirement age live a shorter-than-average life.

49. Seniors at nursing homes could benefit from the weak job market.

50. Age discrimination in employment makes it pointless retraining older workers.

51. According to recent reports and data analyses, boomers suffer most from the weak economy.

52. Unemployed boomers are at a disadvantage in job-hunting because employers tend to hire younger workers.

53. People in their fifties and early sixties bear the heaviest family burdens.

54. People who take benefits from Social Security before official retirement age will get much less for the rest of their lives.

55. Older workers' choice of jobs can be limited because of disability.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked'A．,B．, C． and D．.

You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.

New Yorkers are gradually getting used to more pedaling (骑车的) passengers on those shining blue Citi Bikes. But what about local bike shops? Is Citi Bike rolling up riders at their expense?

At Gotham Bikes in Tribeca, manager W. Ben said the shop has seen an increase in its overall sales due to the bike-share program.“It's getting more people on the road,” he said. James Ryan, an employee at Danny's Cycles in Gramercy also said Citi Bike is a good option for people to ease into biking in a city famed for its traffic jams and aggressive drivers.“They can try out a bike without committing to buying one,” he said.

Rentals are not a big part of the business at either Gotham Bikes or Danny's Cycles. But for Frank's Bike Shop, a small business on Grand St., the bike-share program has been bad news. Owner Frank Arroyo said his rental business has decreased by 90％ since Citi Bike was rolled out last month.

Arroyo's main rental customers are European tourists, who have since been drawn away by Citi Bikes.

However, Ben said the bike-share is good for bike sales at his shop.“People have used the bike- share and realized how great it is to bike in the city, then decide that they want something nicer for themselves,” he noted.

Christian Farrell of Waterfront Bicycle Shop, on West St. just north of Christopher St., said initially he was concerned about bike-share, though, he admitted, “I was happy to see people on bikes.”

Farrell's early concerns were echoed by Andrew Crooks, owner of NYC Velo, at 64 Second Ave. “It seemed like a great idea, but one that would be difficult to implement,” Crooks said of Citi Bike. He saidhe worried about inexperienced riders' lack of awareness of bildng rules and strong negative reaction from non-cyclists. However, he said, it's still too early to tell ff his business has been impacted.

While it's possible bike-share will cause a drop in business, Crooks allowed that the idea is a positive step forward for New York City.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

56. What is the author's chief concern about the increasing use of Citi Bikes in New York?

A． How non-cyclists will respond to it.

B． Whether local bike shops will suffer.

C． Whether local bike businesses will oppose it.

D． How the safety of bike riders can be ensured.

57. What happened to Gotham Bikes as a result of the bike-share program?

A． It found its bike sales unaffected.

B． It shifted its business to rentals.

C． It saw its bike sales on the rise.

D． It rented more bikes to tourists.

58. Why is the bike-share program bad news for Frank's Bike Shop?

A． It cannot meet the demand of the bike-share program.

B． Its customers have been drawn away by Citi Bikes.

C． Its bike prices have to be lowered again and again.

D． It has to compete with the city's bike rental shops.

59. Why did Andrew Crooks think that the bike-share program would be difficult to execute?

A． Inexperienced riders might break biking rules.

B． Conflicts might arise among bike rental shops.

C． Traffic conditions might worsen in the downtown area.

D． There are not enough lanes to accommodate the bikes.

60. What is the general attitude of local bike shops towards Citi Bike?

A． Wait-and-see.

B． Negative.

C． Indifferent.

D． Approving.

Passage Two

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.

Various studies have shown that increased spending on education has not led to measurable improvements in learning. Between 1980 and , staff and teachers at . public schools grew roughly twice as fast as students. Yet students showed no additional learning in achievement tests.

Universities show similar trends of increased administration personnel and costs without greater learning, as documented in Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa's recent book Academically Adrift: Limited Learning on College Campuses.

A survey shows that 63% of employers say that recent college graduates don't have the sldlls they need to succeed and 25% of employers say that entry-level writing skills are lacking.

Some simplistically attribute the decline in our public education system to the drain of skilled students by private schools, but far more significant events were at work.

Public schools worked well until about the 1970s. In fact, until that time, public schools provided far better education than private ones. It was the underperforming students who were thrown out of public schools and went to private ones.

A prominent reason public schools did well was that many highly qualified women had few options for worldng outside the house other than being teachers or nurses. They accepted relatively low pay,difficult working conditions, and gave their very best.

Having such a large supply of talented women teachers meant that society could pay less for their services. Women's liberation opened up new professional opportunities for women, and, over time, some of the best left teaching as a career option, bringing about a gradual decline in the quality of schooling.

Also around that time, regulations, government, and unions came to dictate pay, prevent ac~ustments,and introduce bureaucratic (官僚的) standard for advancement. Large education bureaucracies and unions came to dominate the landscape, confusing activity with achievement. Bureaucrats regularly rewrite curriculums, talk nonsense about theories of education, and require ever more admires“ trators. The end result has been that, after all the spending, students have worse math and reading skills than both their foreign peers and earlier generations spending far less on education--as all the accumulating evidence now documents.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答

61. What do we learn from various studies on America's public education?

A． Achievement tests have failed to truly reflect the quality of teaching.

B． Public schools-lack the resources to compete with private schools.

C． Little improvement in education has resulted from increased spending.

D． The number of students has increased much faster than that of teachers.

62. How do some people explain the decline in public education?

A． Government investment does not meet schools' needs.

B． Skilled students are moving to private schools.

C． Qualified teachers are far from adequately paid.

D． Training of students' basic skills is neglected.

63. What was a significant contributor to the past glory of public schools?

A． Well-behaved students.

B． Efficient admirestration.

C． Talented women teachers.

D． Generous pay for teachers.

64. Why did some of the best women teachers leave teaching?

A． New career opportunities were made available to them by women's liberation.

B． Higher academic requirements made it difficult for them to stay in their jobs.

C． They were unhappy with the bureaucratic administration in their schools.

D． The heavy teaching loads left them little time and energy for family life.

65. What does the author think is one of the results of government involvement in education?

A． Increasing emphasis on theories of education.

B． Highly standardized teaching methods.

C． Students' improved academic performance.

D． An ever-growing number of administrators.

Part IVTranslation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

英语四级历年作文范文 第35篇

Dear friend, I have a great news to inform here. Through long efforts, Beijing has been granted the right to host 2008 Olympic games. As a resident in Beijing, I feel quite excited and like to share with you my happiness.

This success means a lot more than a game to me. In the first place, this Games will definitely promote the development of our economy. According to a recent survey by some experts, this games will raise our GDP by about 3%, and offer about 10,000 jobs. What’s more, our culture will be widely recognized and accepted all over the world through the Games. People will come over from every corner of the world, and experience Chinese culture in every aspect. Besides, through the games, our living environment will be greatly improved. For example, the public transportation system will be up-dated. Moreover, it’s known that more trees will be planted, and grassland will be considerably expanded.

My friend, I really look forward to the coming of this great Games. As an individual, I’m all ready to offer my help in any way I can. I also hope to invite you all to come here, and watch the games in 2008. Sincerely yours,

英语四级历年作文范文 第36篇

As a product of modern computer and the Internet, online games have become very popular among college students. Many students have enjoyed great pleasure and satisfaction from these games. But as we see, some students lacking self-discipline are too much indulged in these games so that their health and academic performances are affected. This phenomenon has caused much worry from the teachers and parents.

However, some others argue that online games are not always harmful. They can train the ability of youngsters to respond to things quickly. Moreover, they can stimulate their imagination and their interest in computer science. More importantly, it does bring college students much pleasure and release their pressure greatly.

From my point of view, online games are a wonderful entertainment if you play them in a clever way. When they interfere too much with your study, it is better for you to give them up at once. But if you have enough self-control over them, you can certainly obtain real pleasure and benefit a lot from them.

英语四级历年作文范文 第37篇

With rapid development of computer technology, making friends online has become a hotspot among people, and people’s views about it vary from individual to individual. As for me, I would like to make friends in the real life rather than make friends online. Firstly, it is a waste of time to spend too much time in chatting online, and we have no enough time in studying. What’s worse, it does great harm to our health. Secondly the Internet is virtual, and there are all kinds of people in the virtual world. We are likely to be cheated. As a consequence, it will do damage to our property and emotion. Last but not the least, the over-reliance on it will bring about psychological problems. For one thing, we will ignore our real parents and friends. Actually, we are becoming lonely. For another, we may avoid facing the fact. In a word, I don’t think that it is wise to make friends online. As an old saying goes great minds think alike, friends are the people who share happy and sorrow with you, not only chat.

英语四级历年作文范文 第38篇

this cartoon is silly, and yet compelling: a large customer holds a hopelessly small piece of cloth as the tailor carefully measures. such an image suggests that one needs to consider practical reality in the pursuance of goals. merely acting on one's desires, while ignoring the facts at hand, cannot lead to success.

the fact that currently there are more graduates than jobs reminds us of the importance of rational thinking. every year approximately 3 million students graduate from universities and begin looking for work. many of them fail to find suitable employment because there are simply not enough opportunities to accommodate such great numbers of graduates. in addition, however, one might also cite flawed individual assessment as a reason.

in order to create a realistic target for one's future, one must make rational decisions and prepare accordingly. a student who aims to be a surgeon, for example, must take care to acquire opportunities to do clinical practice and gain sufficient knowledge. in other words, customers would do well to take accurate measurements before purchasing their fabric. a small piece of cloth cannot adequately clothe a large person.

译文：

这幅画很可笑，但引人注目。一位身体庞大的顾客在裁缝仔细地为他量尺寸准备做衣服时，手里却拿着一块小得令人绝望的衣料。这幅画告诉我们，一个人在执行任务的过程中必须考虑到实际情况，仅从主观意愿出发而不顾眼前的事实，是不可能成功的。

当前大学生的就业率使我们意识到进行合理思考的重要性，每年有大约300万大学生从学校毕业，寻找工作，他们中的很多人并没有找到一份适合自己的工作，有一个原因是没有足够的就业机会提供给数量如此庞大的毕业生。但除此而外，过高的自我估计也是可能的原因之一。

为了能够实现未来目标，一个人必须做出合理的决定，并做好相应的准备。比如一个志在成为外科医生的学生，就必须确保自己有临床实习的机会和足够的知识，换句话说，顾客在购买衣料前必须先量好准确的尺寸，一个大块头是无法穿上一小块布料的。

英语四级历年作文范文 第39篇

A recent investigation shows that about 80 percent of pupils have private tutors. Such a popular practice indicates that people are attaching greater importance to education. Many parents, for various reasons，missed the chance of obtaining a good education. When their children meet with difficulties in study, they are helpless. Private tutoring is the only solution. As private tutoring is usually one-to-one, the teacher knows the strong points as we11 as the weak points of the pupil, clearly.

However, private tutoring has its own disadvantages; for one thing, it takes up so much of the pupils’ time that they can hardly find enough time for rest and entertainment, which are essential for their physical and mental health. For another, some teachers, busy “shuttling” from one family to another, tend to neglect their regular teaching duties. What’s more, some teachers are eager to help pupils do well in the test, offering the so-ca11ed tips for test－taking rather than help them acquire what is more meaningful.

Generally speaking, its disadvantages outweigh its advantages. Greater emphasis should be laid on classroom teaching and practice, on the improvement of teaching quality and on the tapping of the pupils’ potentials. Only in this way can we generation be healthily brought 12下一页尾页

英语四级历年作文范文 第40篇

Some people believe that keeping pets is a good thing to believe that pets,like cats and dogs,can help reduce the loneliness in their daily life .They also argue that keeping pets helps mankind understand animals' world and develop positive feelings toward them.

Others,however,hold the opposite think keeping pets as a useless but harmful thing to can transmit noises of pets are sources of but not least,as many rare birds and animals are kept as pets,they will surely be hunted on a large scale,which means a threat to the balance of the ecosystem.

Weighing the arguments of both sides,I am inclined to agree with the can lessen our loneliness and express our love toward animals in other it is my belief that only by placing man and other species on an equal basis can we expect to have a lively and colorful world.

英语四级历年作文范文 第41篇

The Internet has penetrated every aspect of daily life and exerted a huge impact on our work and study. For example, Microblogs and Wechat are two forms of new media. Various people, regardless of their age, gender or background, are involved in creating their own microblogs and using Wechat.

There has been much controversy over whether the new technology is a boon or a bane. Some people believe that the Internet is a great asset. Modern technology considerably alters the way people communicate with each other. Also, people can now acquire useful information online with a click of the mouse. However, there is a growing concern about the potential drawbacks of the Internet, especially in terms of personal security. For example, WeChat may expose one’s location to strangers by positioning function, cheat one’s friends by faking identity, and lose one’s money in the electronic wallet.

Owing to the accelerated pace of contemporary life, people’s work and life are increasingly confined to a narrow space. However, in face of new technology, we should be prudent. One should make sensible use of technology, being a master rather than a slave of it.

英语四级历年作文范文 第42篇

Upon graduation, virtually all college students will confront the problem of the career choice，which is truly a tough choice. Students opinions differ greatly on this issue. Some hold that there is no better way to get a decent job than working in a stated-owned business which will guarantee my life after retirement, but others take the attitude that a joint venture outweighs any other jobs as it may provide higher income for employees.

As to myself, I prefer the latter view. A joint venture, especially a high-salary joint venture, exerts a tremendous fascination on a great number of people, with no exception to me. Although it might be impossible to make sure my retirement pension is good enough, high-salary is exactly what I need just now. In my view, our career choices largely depend on where we want to stay for the rest of life. For me, metropolis is the place where I can grasp loads of opportunities and achieve my personal dreams. As I hold the view that live in the moment, not the future, and also in order to finance myself in some aspects such as the transportation, the house-renting, or social activities, a joint venture can satisfy my needs for the consumption I mentioned above.

In short, a joint venture is the first and only consideration in my choice of career.

英语四级历年作文范文 第43篇

In recent years, to get a certificate Why does this craze appear?

To begin with, it is the employment pressure that forces college students to get more certificates. With the admission expansion of colleges, a lot more graduates have to face the fierce competition in the job market. How can one make himself more competitive? More certificates at hand, maybe. Furthermore, diploma and certificates are still vital standards by which a good many employers measure a person’s ability. In order to increase the qualifications for a job, the students compel themselves to run from one exam to another.

From my point of view, we should be more rational when it comes to certificates, since certificates do not necessarily prove one’s ability. Being crazy in getting certificates blindly is nothing but wasting time. To conclude, we should focus on improving our ability but not getting a certificate of no practical value.

英语四级历年作文范文 第44篇

Would you like to live in school? We had a survey about it and heres the result. Most students prefer to live in schoo l because they find it convenient to communicate with their classmates. Also, they can learn how to look after themselves in this way.

However, some students think living at home is a better choice. The main reason is that they can relax better at home. Besides, they can spend more time with their family members and get on better with them.

As for me, Id like to live in school. Thats because I can spend more time on study. Whats more, its a wonderful experience to live with other classmates.

英语四级历年作文范文 第45篇

Section A News Report

Directions： In this section， you will hear three news reports。 At the end of each news report， you will hear two or three questions。 Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）， B）， C） and D）。 Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre。

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

1. A) He set a record by swimming to and from an island.

B) He celebrated his ninth birthday on a small island.

C) He visited a prison located on a faraway island.

D) He swam around an island near San Francisco.

2. A) He doubled the reward.

B) He cheered him on all the way.

C) He set him an example.

D) He had the event covered on TV.

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

3. A) To end the one-child policy.

B) To encourage late marriage.

C) To increase working efficiency.

D) To give people more time to travel.

4. A) They will not be welcomed by young people.

B) They will help to popularize early marriage.

C) They will boost China's economic growth.

D) They will not come into immediate effect.

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

5. A) Cleaning service in great demand all over the world.

B) Two ladies giving up well-paid jobs to do cleaning.

C) A new company to clean up the mess after parties.

D) Cleaners gainfully employed at nights and weekends.

6. A) It takes a lot of time to prepare.

B) It leaves the house in a mess.

C) It makes party goers exhausted.

D) It creates noise and misconduct.

7. A) Hire an Australian lawyer.

B) Visit the . and Canada.

C) Settle a legal dispute.

D) Expand their business.

Section B Conversation

Directions： In this section， you will hear two long conversations。 At the end of each conversations you will hear four questions。 Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question。 You must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。 Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8. A) He had a driving lesson.

B) He got his driver's license.

C) He took the driver's theory exam.

D) He passed the driver's road test.

9. A) He was not well prepared.

B) He did not get to the exam in time.

C) He was not used to the test format.

D) He did not follow the test procedure.

10. A) They are tough.

B) They are costly.

C) They are helpful.

D) They are too short.

11. A) Pass his road test the first time.

B) Test-drive a few times on highways.

C) Find an experienced driving instructor.

D) Earn enough money for driving lessons.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A) Where the woman studies.

B) The acceptance rate at Leeds.

C) Leed's tuition for international students.

D) How to apply for studies at a university.

13. A) Apply to an American university.

B) Do research on higher education.

C) Perform in a famous musical.

D) Pursue postgraduate studies.

14. A) His favorable recommendations.

B) His outstanding musical talent.

C) His academic excellence.

D) His unique experience.

15. A) Do a master's degree.

B) Settle down in England.

C) Travel widely.

D) Teach overseas.

Section C Passage

Directions： In this section， you will hear three passages。 At the end of each passage， you will hear three or four questions。 Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A) They help farmers keep diseases in check.

B) Many species remain unknown to scientists.

C) Only a few species cause trouble to humans.

D) They live in incredibly well-organized colonies.

17. A) They are larger than many other species.

B) They can cause damage to people's homes.

C) They can survive a long time without water.

D) They like to form colonies in electrical units.

18. A) Deny them access to any food.

B) Keep doors and windows shut.

C) Destroy their colonies close by.

D) Refrain from eating sugary food.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A) The function of the human immune system.

B) The cause of various auto-immune diseases.

C) The viruses that may infect the human immune system.

D) The change in people's immune system as they get older.

20. A) Report their illnesses.

B) Offer blood samples.

C) Act as research assistants.

D) Help to interview patients.

21. A) Strengthening people's immunity to infection.

B) Better understanding patients' immune system.

C) Helping improve old people's health conditions.

D) Further reducing old patients' medical expenses.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A) His students had trouble getting on with each other.

B) A lot of kids stayed at school to do their homework.

C) His students were struggling to follow his lessons.

D) A group of kids were playing chess after school.

23. A) Visit a chess team in Nashville.

B) Join the school's chess team.

C) Participate in a national chess competition.

D) Receive training for a chess competition.

24. A) Most of them come from low-income families.

B) Many have become national chess champions.

C) A couple of them have got involved in crimes.

D) Many became chess coaches after graduation.

25. A) Actions speak louder than words.

B) Think twice before taking action.

C) Translate their words into action.

D) Take action before it gets too late.

英语四级历年作文范文 第46篇

206月英语四级考试真题试卷

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell a you used at college. Your advertisement may include its brand, specifications/features, condition and price, and your contact information. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

Section A News Report

Directions： In this section， you will hear three news reports。 At the end of each news report， you will hear two or three questions。 Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A）， B）， C） and D）。 Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre。

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

1. A) The majority of drivers prefer to drive and park themselves.

B) Human drivers become easily distracted or tired while driving.

C) Most drivers feel uncertain about the safety of self-driving cars.

D) Most drivers have test driven cars with automatic braking features.

2. A) Their drivers would feel safe after getting used to the automatic devices.

B) They would be unpopular with drivers who only trust their own skills.

C) Their increased comfort levels have boosted their sales.

D) They are not actually as safe as automakers advertise.

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

3. A) Thefts of snowmobile dogs in Alaska.

B) A series of injuries to snowmobile drivers.

C) Attacks on some Iditarod Race competitors.

D) A serious accident in the Alaska sports event.

4. A) He stayed behind to look after his injured dogs.

B) He has won the Alaska Iditarod Race four times.

C) He received a minor injury in the Iditarod Race.

D) He has quit the competition in Alaska for good.

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

5. A) It sank into the sea due to overloading.

B) It ran into Nicaragua's Big Corn Island.

C) It disappeared between two large islands.

D) It turned over because of strong winds.

6. A) 13.

B) 25.

C) 30.

D) 32.

7. A) He has helped with the rescue effort.

B) He is being investigated by the police.

C) He was drowned with the passengers.

D) He is among those people missing.

Section B Conversation

Directions： In this section， you will hear two long conversations。 At the end of each conversations you will hear four questions。 Both the conversations and the question-s will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question。 You must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。 Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8. A) At a shopping centre.

B) At a community college.

C) At an accountancy firm.

D) At an IT company.

9. A) Helping out with data input.

B) Arranging interviews.

C) Sorting application forms.

D) Making phone calls.

10. A) He enjoys using computers.

B) He needs the money badly.

C) He wants to work in the city centre.

D) He has relevant working experience.

11. A) Purchase some business suits.

B) Learn some computer language.

C) Improve his programming skills.

D) Review some accountancy terms.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A) They are keen on high technology.

B) They are poor at technology skills.

C) They often listen to National Public Radio.

D) They feel superior in science and technology.

13. A) Japanese.

B) Germans.

C) Poles.

D) Americans.

14. A) Emailing.

B) Texting.

C) Science.

D) Literacy.

15. A) It is undergoing a drastic reform.

B) It lays emphasis on creative thinking.

C) It has much room for improvement.

D) It prioritizes training of practical skills.

Section C Passage

Directions： In this section， you will hear three passages。 At the end of each passage， you will hear three or four questions。 Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once。 After you hear a question， you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A) They have small roots.

B) They grow white flowers.

C) They taste like apples.

D) They come from Central Africa.

17. A) They turned from white to purple in color.

B) They became popular on the world market.

C) They became an important food for humans.

D) They began to look like modern-day carrots.

18. A) They were found quite nutritious.

B) There were serious food shortages.

C) People discovered their medicinal value.

D) Farm machines helped lower their prices.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A) She could update her family any time she liked.

B) She could call up her family whenever she liked

C) She could locate her friends wherever they were.

D) She could download as many pictures as she liked.

20. A) She liked to inform her friends about her success.

B) She enjoyed reading her friends' status updates.

C) She felt quite popular among them.

D) She felt she was a teenager again.

21. A) She could barely respond to all her 500 Facebook friends.

B) She spent more time updating her friends than her family.

C) She could barely balance Facebook updates and her work.

D) She didn't seem to be doing as well as her Facebook friends.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A) They have strong muscles.

B) They live a longer life than horses.

C) They eat much less in winter.

D) They can work longer than donkeys.

23. A) It was a pet of a Spanish king.

B) It was bought by George Washington.

C) It was brought over from Spain.

D) It was donated by a . Ambassador.

24. A) They met and exchanged ideas on animal breeding.

B) They participated in a mule-driving competition.

C) They showed and traded animals in the market.

D) They fed mules with the best food they could find.

25. A) The wider use of horses.

B) The arrival of tractors.

C) A shrinking animal trade.

D) A growing donkey population.

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

As if you needed another reason to hate the gym, it now turns out that exercise can exhaust not only your muscles, but also your eyes. Fear not, however, for coffee can stimulate them again. During __26__ exercise, our muscles tire as they run out of fuel and build up waste products. Muscle performance can also be affected by a __27__ called “central fatigue,” in which an imbalance in the body's chemical messengers prevents the central nervous system from directing muscle movements __28__. It was not known, however, whether central fatigue might also affect motor systems not directly __29__ in the exercise itself, such as those that move the eyes. To find out, researchers gave 11 volunteer cyclists a carbohydrate （碳水化合物的）__30__ either with a moderate dose of caffeine （咖啡因），which is known to stimulate the central nervous system, or as a placebo （安慰剂）without, during 3 hours of __31__. After exercising, the scientists tested the cyclists with eye-tracking cameras to see how well their brains could still __32__ their visual system. The team found that exercise reduced the speed of rapid eye movements by about 8%, __33__ their ability to capture new visual information. The caffeine, the equivalent of two strong cups of coffee, was __34__ to reverse this effect, with some cyclists even displaying __35__ eye movement speeds. So it might be a good idea to get someone else to drive you home after that marathon.

A) cautiously B) commit C) control D) cycling E) effectively F) increased G) involved H) limited I) phenomenon J) preventing K) sensitive L) slowing M) solution N) sufficient O) vigorous

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Team spirit

A）Teams have become the basic building blocks of organisations. Recruitment advertisements routinely call for “team players”. Business schools grade their students in part on their performance in group projects. Office managers knock down walls to encourage team building. Teams are as old as civilisation, of course: even Jesus had 12 co-workers. But a new report by Deloitte, “Global Human Capital Trends”，based on a survey of more than 7,000 executives in over 130 countries, suggests that the fashion for teamwork has reached a new high. Almost half of those surveyed said their companies were either in the middle of restructuring or about to embark on （开始）it; and for the most part, restructuring meant putting more emphasis on teams.

B）Companies are abandoning conventional functional departments and organising employees into cross- disciplinary teams that focus on particular products, problems or customers. These teams are gaining more power to run their own affairs. They are also spending more time working with each other rather than reporting upwards. Deloitte argues that a new organisational form is on the rise: a network of teams is replacing the conventional hierarchy （等级体制）.

C）The fashion for teams is driven by a sense that the old way of organising people is too rigid for both the modern marketplace and the expectations of employees. Technological innovation places greater value on agility（灵活性）. John Chambers, chairman of Cisco Systems Inc., a worldwide leader in electronics products, says that “we compete against market transitions（过渡）, not competitors. Product transitions used to take five or seven years; now they take one or two. ” Digital technology also makes it easier for people to co-ordinate their activities without resorting to hierarchy. The “ millennials” （千禧一代）who will soon make up half the workforce in rich countries were raised from nursery school onwards to work in groups.

D）The fashion for teams is also spreading from the usual corporate suspects (such as GE and IBM) to some more unusual ones. The Cleveland Clinic, a hospital operator, has reorganised its medical staff into teams to focus on particular treatment areas; consultants, nurses and others collaborate closely instead of being separated by speciality （专业）and rank. The US Army has gone the same way. In his book, Team of Teams, General Stanley McChrystal describes how the army's hierarchical structure hindered its operations during the early stages of the Iraq war. His solution was to learn something from the rebels it was fighting: decentralising authority to self-organising teams.

E）A good rule of thumb is that as soon as generals and hospital administrators jump on a management bandwagon （追随一种管理潮流）, it is time to ask questions. Leigh Thompson of Kellogg School of Management in Illinois warns that, “Teams are not always the answer—teams may provide insight, creativity and knowledge in a way that a person working independently cannot; but teamwork may also lead to confusion, delay and poor decision-making. ” The late Richard Hackman of Harvard University once argued, “I have no question that when you have a team, the possibility exists that it will generate magic, producing something extraordinary ... But don't count on it. ”

F）Hackman （who died in ） noted that teams are hindered by problems of co-ordination and motivation that chip away at the benefits of collaboration. High-flyers （能干的人）who are forced to work in teams may be undervalued and free-riders empowered. Group-think may be unavoidable. In a study of 120 teams of senior executives, he discovered that less than 10% of their supposed members agreed on who exactly was on the team. If it is hard enough to define a team's membership, agreeing on its purpose is harder still.

G）Profound changes in the workforce are making teams trickier to manage. Teams work best if their members have a strong common culture. This is hard to achieve when, as is now the case in many big firms, a large proportion of staff are temporary contractors. Teamwork improves with time: America's National Transportation Safety Board found that 73% of the incidents in its civil-aviation database occurred on a crew's first day of flying together. However, as Amy Edmondson of Harvard points out, organisations increasingly use “team” as a verb rather than a noun: they form teams for specific purposes and then quickly disband them.

H）The least that can be concluded from this research is that companies need to think harder about managing teams. They need to rid their minds of sentimentalism（感情用事）:the most successful teams have leaders who are able to set an overall direction and take immediate action. They need to keep teams small and focused: giving in to pressure to be more “inclusive” is a guarantee of dysfunction. Jeff Bezos, Amazon's boss, says that “If I see more than two pizzas for lunch, the team is too big.” They need to immunise teams against group-think: Hackman argued that the best ones contain “deviant” （离经叛道者）who are willing to do something that may be upsetting to others.

I）A new study of 12,000 workers in 17 countries by Steelcase, a furniture-maker which also does consulting, finds that the best way to ensure employees are “engaged” is to give them more control over where and how they do their work—which may mean liberating them from having to do everything in collaboration with others.

J）However, organisations need to learn something bigger than how to manage teams better: they need to be in the habit of asking themselves whether teams are the best tools for the job. Team-building skills are in short supply: Deloitte reports that only 12% of the executives they contacted feel they understand the way people work together in networks and only 21% feel confident in their ability to build cross-functional teams. Loosely managed teams can become hotbeds of distraction—employees routinely complain that they can't get their work done because they are forced to spend too much time in meetings or compelled to work in noisy offices. Even in the age of open-plan offices and social networks some work is best left to the individual.

team leaders know exactly where the team should go and are able to take prompt action.

of authority was also found to be more effective in military operations.

many companies, the conventional form of organisation is giving way to a network of teams.

of poorly managed teams are easily distracted from their work.

is most effective when team members share the same culture.

to a report by Deloitte, teamwork is becoming increasingly popular among companies.

team members find it hard to agree on questions like membership and the team's purpose.

scholars think teamwork may not always be reliable, despite its potential to work wonders.

ensure employees' commitment, it is advisable to give them more flexibility as to where and how they work.

transitions take much less time now than in the past.

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general the passage is read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what you have written.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Shoppers in the UK are spending less money on toilet paper to save money, research has shown.

Penny-pinching UK consumers choose cheaper products from discounters such as Aldi and Lidl rather than luxury alternatives.

This has wiped 6% off the value of the soft tissue paper market in the UK. It has shrunk from billion pounds in 2011 to billion pounds in , according to a new report from market research company Mintel. Furthermore, the future of the market looks far from rosy, with sales expected to fall further to billion pounds in .

In the last year alone, despite an increase in the UK population and a subsequent rise in the number of households, sales of toilet paper fell by 2%, with the average household reducing their toilet roll spending from 43 pounds in to 41 pounds in 2015.

Overall, almost three in five people say they try to limit their usage of paper—including facial tissue and kitchen roll—to save money. “Strength, softness and thickness remain the leading indicators of toilet paper quality, with just a small proportion of consumers preferring more luxurious alternatives, such as those with flower patterns or perfume,” said Mintel analyst Jack Duckett. “These extra features are deemed unnecessary by the majority of shoppers, which probably reflects how these types of products are typically more expensive than regular toilet paper, even when on special offer.”

While consumers are spending less on toilet paper, they remain fussy—in theory at least—when it comes to paper quality. Top of Britons' toilet paper wish list is softness (57%) followed by strength (45%) and thickness (36%).

One in 10 buyers rank toilet rolls made from recycled paper among their top considerations, highlighting how overall the environment is much less of a consideration for shoppers than product quality. In a challenge for manufacturers, 81% of paper product users said they would consider buying recycled toilet tissue if it were comparable in quality to standard paper.

46. The market sales of toilet paper have decreased because ______.

A. Britons have cut their spending on it.

B. its prices have gone up over the years.

C. its quality has seen marked improvement.

D. Britons have developed the habit of saving.

47. What does the author think of the future of the tissue paper market in the UK?

A. It will expand in time.

B. It will remain gloomy.

C. It will experience ups and downs.

D. It will recover as population grows.

48. What does Jack Duckett say about toilet paper?

A. Special offers would promote its sales.

B. Consumers are loyal to certain brands.

C. Luxurious features add much to the price.

D. Consumers have a variety to choose from.

49. What do we learn about Britons concerning toilet paper?

A. They are particular about the quality of toilet paper.

B. They emphasize the strength of toilet paper the most.

C. They prefer cheap toilet paper to recycled toilet paper.

D. They reject using toilet paper with unnecessary features.

50. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. More and more Britons buy recycled toilet paper to protect the environment.

B. Toilet paper manufacturers are facing a great challenge in promoting its sales.

C. Toilet paper manufacturers compete with one another to improve product quality.

D. Environmental protection is not much of a concern when Britons buy toilet paper.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

“One of the reasons I find this topic very interesting is because my mom was a smoker when I was younger,” says Lindson-Hawley, who studies tobacco and health at the University of Oxford.

By studying about 700 adult smokers, she found out that her mom quit the right way—by stopping abruptly and completely.

In her study, participants were randomly （随机地）assigned to two groups. One had to quit abruptly on a given day, going from about a pack a day to zero. The other cut down gradually over the course of two weeks. People in both groups used nicotine （尼古丁）patches before they quit, in addition to a second form of nicotine replacement, like gum or spray. They also had talk therapy with a nurse before and after quit day.

Six months out, more people who had quit abruptly had stuck with it—more than one-fifth of them, compared to about one-seventh in the other group. Although these numbers appear low, it is much higher than if people try without support.

And the quit rates were particularly convincing given that before the study started, most of the people had said they'd rather cut down gradually before quitting. “If you're training for a marathon, you wouldn't expect to turn up and just be able to run it. And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think, 'Well, if I gradually reduce, it's like practice,'” says Lindson-Hawley. But that wasn't the case. Instead of giving people practice, the gradual reduction likely gave them cravings （瘾）and withdrawal symptoms before they even reached quit day, which could be why fewer people in that group actually made it to that Point. “Regardless of your stated preference, if you're ready to quit, quitting abruptly is more effective,” says Dr. Gabriela Ferreira. “When you can quote a specific number like a fifth of the patients were able to quit, that's compelling. It gives them the encouragement, I think, to really go for it,” Ferreira says.

People rarely manage to quit the first time they try. But at least, she says, they can maximize the odds of success.

51. What does Lindson-Hawley say about her mother?

A. She quit smoking with her daughter's help.

B. She succeeded in quitting smoking abruptly.

C. She was also a researcher of tobacco and health.

D. She studied the smoking patterns of adult smokers.

52. What kind of support did smokers receive to quit smoking in Lindson-Hawley's study?

A. They were given physical training.

B. They were looked after by physicians.

C. They were encouraged by psychologists.

D. They were offered nicotine replacements.

53. How does Dr. Gabriela Ferreira view the result of Lindson-Hawley's experiment?

A. It is idealized.

B. It is unexpected.

C. It is encouraging.

D. It is misleading.

54. The idea of “a marathon” (Line 2，Para. 5) illustrates the popular belief that quitting smoking _____.

A. is something few can accomplish

B. needs some practice first

C. requires a lot of patience

D. is a challenge at the beginning

55. What happens when people try to quit smoking gradually?

A. They find it even more difficult.

B. They are simply unable to make it.

C. They show fewer withdrawal symptoms.

D. They feel much less pain in the process.

Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

长江是亚洲最长、世界上第三长的河流。长江流经多种不同的生态系统，是诸多濒危物种的栖息地，灌溉了中国五分之一的土地。长江流域（river basin）居住着中国三分之一的人口。长江在中国历史、文化和经济上起着很大的作用。长江三角洲（delta）产出多大20%的中国国民生产总值。几千年来，长江一直被用于供水、运输和工业生产。长江上还坐落着世界最大的水电站。

Part Ⅰ Writing

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Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension

1. drivers feel uncertain about the safety of self-driving cars.

2. drivers would feel safe after getting used to the automatic devices.

3. on some Iditarod race competitors.

4. has won the Alaska Iditarod Race four times.

5. turned over because of strong winds.

6. .

7. is being investigated by the police.

8. an accountancy firm.

9. out with data input.

10. needs the money badly.

11. some accountancy terms.

12. are poor at technology skills.

13. .

14. .

15. has much room for improvement.

16. have small roots.

17. began to look like modern-day carrots.

18. were serious food shortages.

19. could update her family any time she liked.

20. enjoyed reading her friends' status updates.

21. didn't seem to be doing as well as her Facebook friends.

22. have strong muscles.

23. was brought over from Spain.

24. showed and traded animals in the market.

25. arrival of tractors.

Part III Reading Comprehension

26-35：OIEGM DCJNF

36-45：HDBJG AFEIC

46-55：ABCAD BDCBA

Part IV Translation

The Yangtze River is the longest in Asia and the third longest in the world. The river, which flows through varied ecosystems along its passage, offers habitats for many endangered species and provides irrigation for 1/5 of China's land. The Yangtze River basin is home to 1/3 of China's population. The river plays a very important role in China historically, culturally and economically. The Yangtze River Delta contributes up to 20% of China's GDP. For millennia, the Yangtze River has been used for water supply, shipment and industrial activities. The world's largest hydropower station is also built on the river.

英语四级历年作文范文 第47篇

英语四级历年写作常用句型总结

一、开头

1. Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.

2. Recently the problem has been brought into focus.

3. Nowadays there is a growing concern over ...  .

4. What calls for special attention is that...

5. There’s no denying the fact that...

6. what’s far more important is that...

7. It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy.

8. It is well-known that…

9. Many nations have been faced with the problem of ...

10. According to a recent survey, ...

11. With the rapid development of ..., ...

二、结尾

1. From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ...

2. In conclusion, it is imperative that ...

summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.

the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.

all these into account, we ...

6. Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear...

things considered, ...

may be safely said that...

, in my opinion, it’s more advisable...

10. It can be concluded from the discussion that...

11. From my point of view, it would be better if...

三、表比较

1. The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages.

2. The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.

3. A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that...

5. For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.

6. Like anything else, it has its faults.

7. A and B has several points in common.

8. However, the same is not applicable to B.

9. A and B differ in several ways.

10. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.

四、表原因

1. A number of factors are accountable for this situation.

A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem).

2. The answer to this problem involves many factors.

3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that...

4. The factors that contribute to this situation include...

5. The change in ...largely results from the fact that...

6. Part of the explanations for it is that ...

7. One of the most common factors (causes ) is that ...

8. Another contributing factor (cause ) is ...

9. Perhaps the primary factor is that ...

10. But the fundamental cause is that ...

五、表结果

1. It may give rise to a host of problems.

2. The immediate result it produces is ...

3. It will exercise a profound influence upon...

4. Its consequence can be so great that...

六、表反驳

1. It is true that ..., but one vital point is being left out.

2. There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.

3. Many of us have been under the illusion that...

4. It makes no sense to argue for ...

5. Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ...

6. Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ...

七、表证明

1. No one can deny the fact that ...

2. The idea is hardly supported by facts.

3. Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ...

4. Recent studies indicate that ...

5. There is sufficient evidence to show that ...

6. According to statistics proved by ..., it can be seen that ...